230 



493. CARLINA. 



M. crowded or solitary, in the forks and 

 terminal. ' L. lanceolate, ciliate, spinescent. 

 Radiant Phyll. yellow, occasionally fuscous 

 externally, a. Autumn. Barren hills. Cors. 

 Sardinia. 



C. Inner Phi/llaries neither coloured nor 

 radiant. 

 12. ^ummifera. Nearly stemless. L. 

 pianatifid. Outer Phyll. somewhat convex, 

 spiaose on back and margin, eliding in three 

 poiuts. p. 9. Barren coasts. Sard. Sic. 

 Apulia. Hardly agrees with Carlina i?i ge- 

 neric character. Linn, placed it with Atrac- 

 tylis. 



494. SILYBUM. 



1. marianum. L. amplexicaul, sinuate, 

 spiaose, hairless on both sides, adorned with 

 white spots. M. terminal, a. 7, 8. JJncult. 



495. RHAPONTICUM. 



1. csmaroides. Appendage to Phyll. long, 

 acuminate, serrato-ciliate, scariose only on 

 margin. Lower L. pinnatipartite ; upper 

 hardly pinnatifid. Segm. acutely dentate. Fl. 

 few, erect, p. 8, 9. Bough meadows, e. Pyr. 



2. scariosum. Appendage to Phyll. very 

 broad : all scariose ; inner lineari-lanceolate, 

 very acmninate. L. undivided, cano-tomen- 

 tose beneath : lower stalked, oblong ; ujiper 

 sessile, elliptic, p. 7, 8. Rough meadows. 

 w. Alps. Camiola. 



496. LEUZEA. 



1. conifera. Seeds tubercled. Appendage 

 to Phyll. nearly circular. L. lanceolate, entire 

 or pinnatifid. Stem simple, 1 -flowered, p. b. 

 5, 6. Bochy, harreii. s. Er. It. Sic. Sard. 



Tribe IV. CENTAUBIEJS. 



497. CNICUS. 



1. benedictus. L. amplexicaul, somewhat 

 decurrent, pinnatifid. Fl. terminal, bracteate, 

 yellow, a. 4. Stony, s. Eur. 



498. MICROLONCHTJS. 



1. salmanticus. Stem erect, somewhat 

 branched. Lower L. pinnatifid, scabrous ; 

 others linear, undivided. Fl. solitaiy, ter- 

 minal, on long staDis. a. b. 5, 6. Dry. s. 

 Em'ope. 



499. CRUPINA. 



1. vulgaris. Stem erect. L. pinnatipar- 

 tite. Segm. linear, distant, denticulate. Fl. 

 oblong, hairless, naked, a. 7, 8. Bough. 

 s. Europe. 



500. CENTAUREA. 



A. Phyllaries without any distinct appen- 

 dage. Sp. 1-3. 



B. Appendage to PhyUaries abrupt, unarmed. 



i. Appendage to middle Phyllaries scariose, 

 not feathery. Sp. 4-10. 



ii. Appendage of middle Phyllaries pecti- 

 nato-plumose. 



a. Middle of Appendage not prolonged. 

 Sp. 11-14. 



b. Middle of Appendage prolonged, Sp. 

 15-21. 



C. Appendage to PhyUaries decurrent, un- 

 armed. 



i. Outer Phyllaries vnthout membranous 

 margin. Appendage pectinato-cUiate. 

 Sp. 22-28. (In Sp. 23 and 24 the 

 Phyllaries end in a mucro or small 

 spine.) 



ii. All Phyllaries with a pale, entire, mem- 

 branous margin. 



a. Appendage pectinato-cUiate. Sp. 29- 

 33. 



b. Appendage palmate. Sp. 34, 35. 



c. Appendage entire. Sp. 36. 



iii. Margin of Phyllaries dark and ragged 



Sp. 37. 

 iv. Margin dark, pectinato-ciLiate, passing 



into appendage. Sp. 38-41. 



V. Margin serrato-fimbriate. Sp. 42-44. 



D. Appendage to PhyUaries spinescent. 



i. PhyUaries spinoso-cUiate, prolonged into 

 a soft, terminal spine. Sp. 45. 



ii. Like i., but the snine rigid. Sp. 46- 



52. 

 iii. PhyUaries not spinoso-cUiate, ending 



in a simple spine. Sp. 53. 



iv. PhyUaries with accessory spines at 

 base. 



a. Flowers yeUow. Sp. 54-60. 



b. Flowers purple. Sp. 61-67. 



V. Spines palmate, nearly equal. Sp. 68- 



72. 

 Not weU known. Sp. 73-75. 



