234 



500. CENTAUREA; 



Fl. yellow. Oj)en rocks. Abr. Naples. Apenn. 

 Sardinia. 



51. collina. PhyU. ovato-lanceolate, loager 

 than the somewhat spreading spine. M. yel- 

 low. L. somewhat asper : lower hipinnatifid, 

 segments oblong or lanceolate, hardly acute ; 

 upper pinnatifid, segments linear ; the last ob- 

 long. Uppermost L. undivided, p. Opeoi. 

 Coasts of Mdt. 



;3. With a longer spine. 



52. centaurioides. Phyll. ovato-lanceo- 

 late, longer than the spreading spine. El. yel- 

 low. Lower L. simply pinuatipartite : lobes 

 oblong, entire ; the terminal larger and ovate : 

 upper inciso-pinnatifid. p. Fields, mdt. Eur. 

 Not in Koch or Guss. 



iii. Phjilaries ending in a simple spine. 



53. aurea. Elts. equal. Spines spreading. 

 Stem erect, branched. Lower L. pinnatifid ; 

 upper not decurrent. p. s. Em*. Perhaps 

 not different from C. Schouwii. — DC. 



iv. Phyllaries not spinoso-ciliafe, hut with 

 accessory Spines at the base of the prin- 

 cipal. 



a. Mowers yellow. 



54. solstitialis. Outer PhyU. with pal- 

 mate spines, nearly equal, woolly. Root-L. 

 lyrate or pinnatifid. Steni-L. lanceolate, de- 

 cui'rent, quite entire, a. 7, 8. Dry warm. 

 s. Eur. Occ. in north. 



55. lappacea. Outer Phyll. with palmate 

 spines, of which the lateral are short and soft, 

 sometimes wanting. Stem much branched. El. 

 terminal, solitary. Root-L. lyrato-pinnatifid. 

 Stem-L. Kneari-lanceolate, decurrent. a. 7- 

 10. Dry hills. Sic. 



56. Schou-wii. Outer Phyll. with a sim- 

 ple, reflexed spine, somewhat woolly when 

 young. Stem-L. linear, entire, mucronate, de- 

 cm'rent. a. 5-7. Dry. Nebr. Sard. 



57. naelitensis. Spines of PhyU. aU simi- 

 lar. El. solitary among upper L. Root-L. 

 pinnatipartite. Stem-L. linear, toothed, a. 5, 6. 

 Open. Sic. Sard. Bois de Boulogne. 



58. apula. Spines of PhyU. aU similar, 

 not very rigid. El. mostly clustered among 

 upper L. Root-L. lyrate or pinnatipartite. 

 Stem-L. lanceolate, quite entire, decurrent. a. 

 Open. Apulia. Cors. Sard. Aries. Perpignan. 



59. sicula. El. soUtary among upper L. 

 Spines of PhyU. all similar, rigid, spreading. 

 Lower L. lyrate or pinnatifid, Stem-L. Unear, 



mucronate, quite entire, decurrent. a. 7. 

 Monte Artesino, Sic. Mtp. 



60. fuscata. PhyU. aU with simUar spines. 

 El. soUtary, hairless, bracteate. Lower L. ly- 

 rate or pinnatipartite. Stem-L. amplexicaiJ, 

 not deciu'rent. p. 6. Dry hills. Sic. Sard. 



/3. xanthina, Spreng. L. scabrous ; upper 

 spatulato-oblong. 



b. Fl. purple. L. not decurrent. 



61. adulterina. PhyU. scariose, ciUato- 

 lanate, somewhat spinulose, and ending in a 

 straight spine. L. Uneari-oblong, acute ; up- 

 per entire, approaching flower, p. Vercelli, 

 Pdm. Perhaps a hybrid between C. Calcitrapa 

 and paniculata, DC. 



62. torreana. Branches erect. El. on 

 short stalks. Spines weak, spreading. Crest 

 0. L. scabrous, pinnatifid ; upper lanceolato- 

 Unear, denticulate, b. Monte Gargano. 



63. Calcitrapa. Much and diffusely 

 branched. Fl. among the upper L. Spines 

 firm, channeled above. L. pinnatifid. Segm. 

 linear, acute, dentate. Crest 0. a. b. 7-9- 

 U7icult. 



;8. aiitumnalis. Lower L. bipinnate. Lyons. 

 MontpeUier. 



64. myacantha. Diffusely branched. M. 

 among the upper L. Appendages ovato-lan- 

 ceolate. Spines firm. L. undivided, lineari- 

 lanceolate, somewhat asper. Crest 0. Vin- 

 cennes near Paris. Not now found. 



65. macroacantha. " Crest 0. Central 

 Spine of Phyll. very strong, with 2 or 8 smaU 

 ones on each side. Inner PhyU. scariose at top, 

 obtuse. Lower L. oblongo-lanceolate, acutely 

 and irregularly inciso-serrate ; upper Uneari- 

 lanceolate, spinuloso-serrulate. a. 6, 7- Sandy 

 uncult. Palermo, aU' Acqua Santa." — Guss. 



66. Pouzini. Diffusely branched. Spines 

 firm, with 3 rather distant Spinules on each 

 side of the base. Outer Seeds without, inner 

 with, a short crest. L. Uneari-lanceolate, in- 

 ciso-dentate or pinnatifid. b. Dry open. s. Er. 



67. calcitrapoides. Branches divaricate, 

 hairless. El. among upper L. Spines fii-m, 

 channeled. L. pinnate. Segm. lanceolate, 

 acute, serrulate. A short Crest to aU the 

 Seeds, b. 7, 8. s. Er. ? Savona. 



V. Spines palmate : the central one not greatly 

 larger than the others. Fl. purplish. 



68. sphserocephala. Diffuse. El. brac- 

 teate. Spines 5, somewhat spreading. Outer 



