Vo1 - 3 - VIOLACEAE 103 



19; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 19, Sp. Blan- 

 coanae (1918) 273. 

 Tillaea rubella Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 75, ed. 2 (1845) 56, ed. 3, 1 

 (1877) 106. 

 Luzon (Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Abra, Pangasinan, Rizal, Laguna), B. S. 

 7940 Ramos, 2304 M earns, 18290 Otanes, Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 886, 979, 

 In fallow rice paddies, etc., at low and medium altitudes. India to 

 southern China and tropical Australia. 



BERGIA SERRATA Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 387; Merr. in Philip. Journ. 

 Sci. 2 (1907) Bot. 431, Fl. Manila (1912) 333, Sp. Blancoanae 

 (1918) 273. 

 Spergula serrata Blanco op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 271, ed. 3, 2 (1878) 



140. 

 Bergia glandulosa Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 27 2 (1854) 371; 

 Rolfe in Journ. Bot. 23 (1885) 210; Vidal Phan. Cuming. Philip. 



(1885) 95, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (1886) 51. 



Bergia verticillata F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 15, non Willd. 

 Luzon (Ilocos Norte, Zambales, Bataan, Rizal), Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 

 723, Phil. PI. 992, B. S. 2696, 2058 Ramos, Warburg 13688. In fallow rice 

 fields at low and medium altitudes. Formosa. 



BIXACEAE 



1. BIXA Linnaeus 



BIXA ORELLANA Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 512; DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 259; 

 Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837) 456, ed. 2 (1845) 317, ed. 3, 2 (1878) 221, 

 t. 231; Walp. Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Cur. 19 (1843) Suppl. 1: 299; 

 Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1 2 (1858-59) 108; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 12; 

 Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) 13, t. 7, f. A, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. 



(1886) 49; Merr. Fl. Manila (1912) 333, Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 

 274. 



In and about towns throughout the Philippines, usually planted, but at 

 least persisting after cultivation is abandoned. A native of tropical 

 America, now pantropic. 



Local names: Achiti (Ilk.) ; achote (Tag.) ; achoete (Tagb.) ; achuete 

 (Tag., SbL, Bik., P. Bis., Ilk.) ; asoti (Ibn.) ; atsiute (Sbl.) ; apatut (Gad.) ; 

 asuite (Ilk.) ; asuti (Tag.) ; atseuete (Tag.) ; atsuite (Ilk.) ; chanang 

 (Sul.) ; chotes (S. L. Bis.); janang (Sul.) ; sotis (C. Bis.). 



VIOLACEAE 

 1. RINOREA Aublet 



RINOREA ACUMINATA Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. 5 (1910) Bot. 201. 



Catanduanes, Cebu, F. B. 6682 Pray, 64-55 Everett. On forested slopes 

 at low altitudes. Endemic. 



Local names: Maupau (C. Bis.); sarak (Bik.). 



RINOREA COPELANDII Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 35 (1906) 45. 



Mindanao (Davao), Copeland 945. In forests at low or medium altitudes. 

 Endemic. 



