106 ENUMERATION OF PHILIPPINE PLANTS 1923 



Luzon (Lepanto, Bontoc, Benguet), Mindanao, Merrill 4687, 4645, F. B. 

 10990, 14448, B. S. 5909. In open grasslands, altitude 1,000 to 2,000 m. 

 Indo-China, central and southern China, Japan, Formosa, Java. 



See W. Becker 1. c. for a critical consideration of this species. I pre- 

 viously thought [Philip. Journ. Sci. 10 (1915) Bot. 191] that Cavanilles's 

 type might have been from America rather than from the Philippines. 

 At any rate the exact locality cited "in Insula Luzon tertio a Manila 

 lapide" is certainly wrong. The material possibly came from Ilocos Norte 

 Province, a region botanically explored by members of the Malaspina Ex- 

 pedition. The Philippine material so far collected is all referable to the 

 subsp. malesica W. Becker; the subsp. munda W. Becker, conforming to 

 the typical form extends from India to Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea, central 

 and western China, Burma, and Japan. Most of the Philippine material 

 was originally identified as V. patrinii Ging., a species that does not occur 

 in the Archipelago. 



VIOLA RAMOSIANA W. Becker in Philip. Journ. Sci. 19 (1921) 716. 



Luzon (Kalinga), B. S. 37548 Ramos & Edano, altitude about 1,360 m, 

 Endemic. 



VIOLA RU PICO LA Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 324; Becker in 

 Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 34 2 (1917) 415, Philip. Journ. Sci. 19 

 (1921) 712. 

 Viola adenothrix Hayata Ic. PL Formos. 3 (1913) 23, /. q. 

 Viola effusa W. Becker in Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 34 2 (1917) 424. 



Luzon (Benguet, Tayabas), Elmer 8574, Quisumbing 1313, 114.1, Merrill 

 7765. On mossy bowlders, altitude 1,400 to 2,000 m. Formosa. 



VIOLA SEMILUNARIS (Maxim.) W. Becker var. PHILIPPINARUM W. 



Becker in Beihefte Bot. Centralbl. 34 2 (1916) 231, Philip. Journ. 



Sci. 19 (1921) 711. 



Luzon (Benguet), Merrill 4368, 4769, 4363, Loher 1646. Altitude up 



to 1,800 m. The variety endemic, the species, based on Viola verecunda 



A. Gray var. semilunaris Maxim. Mel. Biol. 9 (1876) 750, in Japan. 



EXCLUDED SPECIES 



Viola odorata Linn.; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 11; Merr. Fl. Manila 

 (1912) 334. 



This European violet is cultivated in the Philippines for its fragrant 

 flowers; it thrives well in Baguio, but is not well adapted to the Philippine 

 climate at low altitudes, although it is occasionally found in Manila 

 gardens. 



Viola tricolor Linn.; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 12. 



The pansy thrives in the Philippines only at higher altitudes, where it 

 is cultivated only. 



3. IONIDIUM Ventenat 



IONIDIUM ENNEASPERMUM (Linn.) Vent. Jard. Malm. (1803-04) sub 

 i. 27; Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 308. 

 Viola enneasperma Linn. Sp. PI. (1753) 937. 



Ionddium suffruticosum Ging. in DC. Prodr. 1 (1824) 311; Hook. f. 

 & Th. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1 (1872) 185. 



