SWEET CHESTNUT TREE. 



5*7 



On the shoots of a pollard the arrangement 

 is quite different. From each leaf-scar to the 

 lear-scar next below it in line three sharp keels, 

 with a deep incision between them, are scored 

 down the twig, one keel from the centre of 

 the scar and one from either side. The scars are 

 scattered irregularly on the pollard twig, and form 

 three or more rows, unlike the two well-marshalled 

 ranks on the tree ; the twig is not cylindrical, but 

 of a form best explained by the drawing. In the 

 Autumn the colour of the pollard shoots is bronze- 

 green, during the following year they change to 

 glossy purple-red, or to a rather dusty greyish 

 purple. 



Although the regular arrangement of the foliage 

 described is found on all the vigorous twigs and 

 shoots, on stunted twigs the leaves are necessarily 

 crowded into bunches and obliged to take a variety 

 of positions in search of light. 



ApP.iL 



SHOOT FROM A 

 POLLARD (Natural Size) 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE LEAVES. 



In April the large leaf-buds bear away from 

 the shoot ; but their tips curve in again towards 

 it. As they open, the backs of the young leaves 

 can be seen coloured a pale reddish-green, or some- 

 times showing brighter tints of yellow and red; the 

 leaves are folded at the mid-rib. The new shoot 

 which bears them turns downwards as it grows, 

 and the young unopened leaves which hang at its 



