EUCALYPTUS OLEOSA. 



fruit-valves ; specimens out of flower are however not easily referred to either species, although 

 the leaves of E. uncinata are usually narrower and the lids shorter. E. gracilis is in a similar 

 manner separable from E. oleosa by its anthers, which open by lateral pores ; besides its outer 

 stamens are sterile, the tube of the calyx is generally angular, the lid is much shorter and the 

 fruit-valves are quite enclosed. 



E. incrassata in its large form cannot be mistaken for E. oleosa, but its smaller variety, 

 formerly separated as E. dumosa, is not so readily distinguished ; still its flowerstalks are 

 generally much dilated, the calyces including the lid are streaked, the anthers are mostly longer 

 in proportion to their width, and the fruit-valves are terminated only in short points. 



In Western Australia occur several kinds of trees, the precise relation of which to E. oleosa 

 is not yet clearly understood ; they are the Morrell : E. longicornis, — the Salmon-barked Eucalypt : 

 E. salmonophloia, — the Gimlet-wood or Fluted Eucalypt : E. salubris, besides E. leptopoda and 

 E. decipiens ; — of all of these except E. leptopoda I have given plates in the Report on the Forest- 

 resources of Western Australia, pi. 10, 12, 13 and 14. All attain a height of about 100 feet, and 

 E. longicornis may only be the favorably developed arboreous state of E. oleosa ; its bark is 

 totally persistent, the foliage is like that of E. salmonophloia, the lids are horn-like elongated, 

 which characteristic suggested the name, and the outer stamens are straight in bud. E. salmon- 

 ophloia has the bark smooth and of an oily and somewhat purplish lustre (hence the name), the 

 leaves dark-green, very shining, and the outer stamens not bent inward before expansion, though 

 the lid is not elongated. E. salubris is also smooth-barked, has the leaves dark-green, very 

 shining and dotted with a multitude of pellucid oil-glands, the umbel-stalks compressed, the lid 

 hemiellipsoid and therefore blunt, the anthers oval-oblong, and basifixed with broad connective 

 and very short fruit-valves. E. leptopoda is best discerned by the many-flowered umbels on 

 slender stalks and with exceedingly thin stalklets, nearly hemispheric fruits with broadish rim 

 and deltoid exserted but not long-pointed valves. 



Technologically E. oleosa is of some importance on account of the oil obtainable from its 

 foliage. In kind response to a request of mine the oil of E. oleosa as well as that of B. gracilis, 

 E. uncinata, E. incrassata and E. odorata was distilled by Mr. W. Nitschke (for the International 

 lExhibition in Melbourne) from fresh twigs procured by Mr. 0. Tepper ; the following are the 

 results (leaves constituting about half the weight of the material, the branchlets another half) : 

 1,000 lbs. of foliage of E. oleosa yield 62^ oz. of oil (of '911 spec. grav. at 70° F., boiling at 

 341° F., of rather pleasant odor and yellowish color) ; 1,000 lbs. of foliage of E. gracilis = 54|- oz. ; 

 of E. uncinata = 69 oz. ; of E. incrassata = 140 oz. ; of B. odorata = 112-J- oz. To many of the 

 nomadic tribes, which inhabit the desert-regions, this Eucalypt is of incalculable value, as 

 affording from the porous horizontal roots, when broken into pieces, a supply of almost pure water, 

 by which means the natives can pass on their hunting excursions widely into the waterless tracts 

 of the Mallee-scrub. 



Explanation of Analytic Details. — 1, unexpanded flower, the lid lifted ; 2, longitudinal section of an 

 nnexpanded flower ; 3, some stamens in situ ; 4 and 5, front- and back-view of an anther, with a portion of its 

 filament ; 6, style and stigma ; 7 and 8, longitudinal and transverse section of a fruit ; 9 and 10, fertile and sterile 

 seeds ; 11, portion of a leaf; all magnified, but to various extent. 



