372 RubiacecB. \Rubia. 



only ventrally dehiscent, the other closed by the septum 

 remaining attached to it ; seeds smooth, brown. 



Low country in dry waste places ; very common. Fl. March-August; 

 pale violet. 



Throughout India, Malaya, and S. China. 



A maritime state grows in the sands at Kalpitiya ; it, is almost shrubby, 

 with closely placed, small, thick, very bristly leaves with cartilaginous 

 margins, and a larger fruit. 



Hermann sdves the S. name for this ' Aswanna.' 



46. RUBIA, Linn. 



Perennial, 1. in whorls of 4 ; fl. small, in axillary cymes ; 

 cal.-limb o; cor.-tube campanulate, lobes 4, valvate; stam. 4, 

 very small, inserted in tube; ov. 2-celled with 1 erect ovule in 

 each cell, styles 2, stigmas globose; fruit didymous, fleshy; 

 seeds globose. — Sp. 30; 8 in Fl. B. Ind. 



R. cordifolia, L. Syst. Nat. ed. 12, iii. (1768). Xttanda-madini- 

 wel, Vog-ana-wel, S. 



R. secwida, Moon Cat. 10. Thw. Enum. 151. C. P. 2705. 

 Fl. B. Ind. iii. 202. Wight, 111. t. 128 bis, f. 1. 



Perennial, roots very long, cylindrical, flexuose, with a 

 thick red cortex, stems very long (often many yards), becom- 

 ing slightly woody at base, flexible, tough, cylindrical, bark 

 white, branches scandent by means of the very numerous 

 divaricate or deflexed branchlets and petioles, quadrangular, 

 sometimes prickly on the angles, smooth, shining ; 1. 4 in a 

 whorl, f-i| in., ovate, cordate at base, tapering to acute 

 apex, scabrous above and on the veins beneath, and 

 especially on the margin, with small, white recurved prickles, 

 5- or 7- veined from the base, stiff, often convex above, with 

 the apex hooked, sometimes pubescent beneath, petiole about 

 twice as long as 1., usually deflexed, tapering, stiff and branch- 

 like, deeply channelled above, triangular, with many sharp 

 recurved prickles on the angles ; fl. on short glabrous ped., 

 cymes lax, trichotomous, glabrous ; cor.-tube thick, very short, 

 lobes ovate, obtuse ; fruit about | in., very didymous, the carp. 

 almost distinct, smooth, shining, purplish-black. 



Bushy places in montane zone from 3000-7000 ft.; very common. Fl. 

 August, September; greenish-white. 



Also in the mountains of India and Java, and in N. E. Asia and Trop. 

 Africa. 



Our Ceylon plant usually has the stem almost destitute of prickles. 

 Moon seems to have first noticed this plant ; his locality is Walapane. I 

 have not been able to get a satisfactory S. name ; those above given are 

 doubtful. 



