464 "Wernham, The Systematic Anatomy of fhe genus Canephora. 



sheath of one to two layers of small fibres; these display anature 

 and arrangement similar to the corresponding elements in the stem. 

 Between this and the xylem appears a very narrow band of perished 

 tissue wbich may be phloem; this contains tannin, but no calcium. 

 Oxalate. 



The external ground tissue, which is of limited extent consists 

 of large thin-walled cells resembling- those of the intra-xylary 

 parenchyma. Along the outside of one surface of the vascular 

 bündle, and at a short distance in the ground tissue from it, about 

 ten bundles of fibres run, at approximately equal intervals from 

 each other; on the outer side only two flbrous bundles appear, and 

 these are placed towards the extremities of the bundle-section. 

 This appears to be the only anatomical indication of the dorsiventrality 

 referred to above; we shall return to this point in the summary. 



The "wings" of the peduncle show no differentiation into a 

 ventral and dorsal surface. Both surfaces are uneven (see Fig. 7). 

 The ground tissue is of thick-walled parenchyma, and is traversed 

 by several fibrous bundles, irregularly disposed at frequent inter- 

 vals. These bundles are vascular in some cases, including a few 

 vessels, sometimes associated with small-celled parenchyma with 

 thin walls. 



The epidermis is the same on both sides; the cuticle is very 

 thick, and no stomata are to be seen. Tannin is abundant 

 throughout the peduncle, but calcium Oxalate appears to be confined 

 to the wings; here it occurs as fairly large cluster-crystals, often 

 contained in rather large sacs of lysigenous origin. 



C. angustifolia Wernham. 



I. Stem. As in C. tnadagascariensis the pith consists of 

 rather large rounded cells; but the walls are thick and scleren- 

 chymatous throughout, no thin-walled tissue appearing. The centre 

 of the section is, however, occupied by a lacuna, and this may 

 represent degraded thin-walled tissue as suggested in the case of 

 C. 7nadagascariensis. 



The xylem is dense — perhaps not quite so dense as in the 

 last-named species — and the vessels and fibres are of similar 

 character and occurrence; in this case, again, the xylem passes 

 almost insensibly into the pith. No groups of thin-walled tissue 

 are to be seen in association with the primary xylem; but at inter- 

 vals lacunae occur, including part of the primary and secöndary 

 wood. In some cases loose sections of xylem vessels appear in 

 these lacunae, in a manner recalling the carinal cavities of Equise- 

 tum. These lacunae may not impossibly represent degraded xylem- 

 parenchyma, or at any rate degraded soft tissue analogous to that 

 observed in C. madagascariensis (supra, p. 457). 



A few medullary rays, each of a Single layer of rather narrow 

 cells often infiltrated with tannin, traverse the xylem ring. 



The phloem consists of two or three layers, for the most part, 

 apparently, of sieve-tube tissue. This is rieh in tannin, and calcium 



