O F N A T U RAL HISTORY. 499 



Befide falmons and herrings, there are many fiflies which obferve 

 a regular migration, as mackerels, lampreys, pilchards, &c-. About 

 the middle of July, the pilchards, which are a fpecies of herrings, 

 though fmaller, appear in vaft ftioals off the coafts of Cornwall. 

 When winter approaches, like the herrings, they retire to the Arc- 

 tic feas. Though fo nearly allied to the herring, it is not incurious 

 to remark, that the pilchards, in their migration for the purpofe of 

 fpawning, choofc a warmer latitude ; for, off the coafls of Britain, 

 the great fhoals never appear farther north than the county of Corn- 

 wal and the Sciily iflands. Dr Borlafe, in his hiftory of Cornwal, 

 gives the following account of the pilchard fifliery : ' It employs,' 

 fays he, ' a great number of men on the fea, training them thereby 

 to naval affairs ; employs men, women, and children, at land, in 

 faking, preffing, wafhing, and cleaning, in making boats, nets, 

 ropes, caiks, and all the trades depending on their conftrudtion and 

 fale. The poor is fed with the offals of the captures, the land with 

 the refufe of the fifli and fait ; the merchant finds the gains of 

 commiffion and honeft commerce, the fifherman the gains of the 

 fifh. Ships are often freighted hither with fait, and into foreign 

 countries with the filh, carrying off, at the fame time, part of our 

 tin. The ufual produce of the number of hogfheads exported 

 each year, for ten years, from 1747 to 1756 inclufive, from the 

 four ports of Tawy, Falmouth, Penzance, and St Ives, it appears, 

 that Tawy has exported yearly 1732 hogfheads; Falmouth, 14631 

 hogfheads and two- thirds ; Penzance and Mounts-Bay, 12149 

 hogfheads and one-third; St Ives, 1282 hogfheads : In all amount- 

 ing to 29795 hogfheads. Every hogfhead, for ten years lafl pafl, 

 together with the bounty allowed for each hogfhead exported, and 

 the oil made out of each hogfhead, has amounted, one year with 

 another at an average, to the price of one pound thirteen fhiilings 

 and three pence ; fo that the cafh paid for pilchards exported has, 

 at a medium, annually amounted to the fum of L. 49532 : 10 ; o.' 



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