Chap. V.] panchet group. 129 



frequently gives indications of the clays beneath, the color of 

 which is a dark purplish-red, similar to that of the old red sand- 

 stone in England. The clay beds vary from 20 feet in thickness 

 downwards. 



The lower 500 or 600 feet of the formation (neglecting the thin 

 Clay more abundant sandstones at the base,) contain generally a larger 

 near bottom. number of beds of clay than the higher portion, 



in which the sandstones are coarser, and conglomerates occur. The 

 whole thickness of the group certainly exceeds 1,500 feet where fully 

 developed, as at the base of Panchet Hill. 



In one or two places, along the Southern boundary, thick conglome- 

 rates occur in the higher beds of the Panchet 

 Conglomerates. 



group, resembling much those overlying the 



group. Pieces of carbonaceous shale and coal, doubtless derived from 



the Damuda group, are seen in some of the sandstones. Just North of 



the village of Deoli, near Bakulia, and about quarter of a mile East of the 



mouth of the Besram stream, a considerable expanse of rocks is exposed 



in the bed of the Damuda, South of the channel occupied by the water 



in the dry season, and here a bone bed was found, 

 Bone bed. . , 



containing detached, and, frequently, rolled bones, 



vertebra), and fragments of jaws with teeth; they are not very 

 abundant, but a considerable number were procured. Some were 

 also found in another spot in the Damuda, a little East of the vil- 

 lage of Dikha, and fragments of bone were occasionally met with 

 in other localities. The beds will, probably, if further searched, 

 yield very satisfactory illustrations of the vertebrate fauna of the 

 period. 



In one or two places remains of Estheria, and, perhaps, of one or 



two other small Entomostraca occurred in the 

 Estheria. 



Panchets. Plant remains are rare, but a consi- 

 derable quantity were obtained from a fine, rather muddy sandstone, 



