Chap. VIIL] trap dykes and intrusions. 141 



places upon the banks of the Earakar,) massive beds of kunkur occur, 

 and in the two last named localities, where the hardened calcareous rock 

 forms a ridge along the bank of the river, fresh-water shells* and bones 

 of oxen have been found. 



In the same category may be placed the ferruginous conglomerate, 

 which is found in many places plastered over the surface of the 

 Damtida field, below other forms of alluvium. It frequently fills 

 cracks in the sandstones. It consists of fragments of shale and sand- 

 stone, with rolled pebbles, strongly cemented together by oxide of iron. 

 It is often exposed by streams. In one place, on the South bank of 

 the Damtida, where it filled cracks in the sandstone of the Panchet 

 series, fragments of bone of a very large mammal were found in it. 



Chapter VIII.—- Trap Dykes and Intrusions. 



A glance at the map, which accompanies this Report, will show 



the district to which it refers to be intersected in every direction by 



dykes of basaltic trap. Many of these are of considerable length, 



one at least, that which passes from a little West of Etiapora, through 



or near to the villages of Purani Chati, Dhadkia, 

 Salma Dyke. 



and Dhamra, and South of the Damuda through 

 Kalikapur, which is known as the Salma dyke,f extending for at least 

 20 miles, and being, doubtless, continued further, to the North. This 

 dyke, where it crosses the Grand Trunk Road about a mile East of 



* Unio marginalis, Paludina Bengalensis, Planorbis Coromandelicus, P. compressus, and 

 a small Bythinia. 



f It was so termed by Mr. Homfray, from its passing- close to a shaft, which he sunk in 

 Salma, The village itself is at some distance from the dyke, and lies a little South of the 

 Damuda. 



