Chap. I] general description of rocks. 9 



consequence of the absence of any dominant or marked lines of elevation. 

 This region is one of comparatively neutral disturbance, whereas, in. 

 the ridges of Chamba, we have strongly marked structural characters 

 which I conjecture to be the attenuated, yet locally concentrated, result 

 of the causes which produced the culminating zone of the Eastern 

 Himalaya. The Dhaoladhar range is in the direct continuation of the 

 Eastern Himalayan range, and is, I conceive, its true representative. We 

 will see how very different its structure is from anything known in 

 the Lower Himalayan region. But whatever views may ultimately be 

 adopted regarding the true equivalence of these several chains of the 

 Himalayan system, the structural peculiarities of the outer region of 

 the Eastern Himalaya, and the external configuration resulting therefrom 

 will require special explanation. The annexed diagram (Fig. 1) exhi- 

 bits clearly in outline the features to which I am now drawing attention, 

 and the remarkable manner in which the Sub-Himalayan region is 

 affected by the changes of the greater mountain-features. To the east 

 of the Sutlej this region forms only a very subordinate fringing belt, 

 while to the west it expands over a wide area ; the outer or southern 

 boundary undergoes little or no modification in direction, but northwards 

 the Sub-Himalayan hills stretch to the very base of the Dhaola- 

 dhar, thus occupying the position corresponding to that of the region, 

 which, more to the east, is specially designated the Lower, or Outer, 

 Himalaya. The lines of disturbance are graduated with considerable 

 regularity between the straight outer boundary and the sharp curves of the 

 inner boundary (vide larger map). West of the Beas there is no equivalent 

 for the Lower Himalayan region, as described to the east of that river. 



Before entering upon the details of the stratigraphical features, I would 



indicate the general facts. In 1860 I submitted to 

 Two series of rocks. 



the Asiatic Society of Bengal an abstract of the 



results I had up till that date arrived at. Although much new ground 



