36 SUB-HIMALAYAN ROCKS OF N. W. INDIA. [CHAP. II. 



the beds underlying them. To account for a state of things so appa- 

 rently anomalous and incompatible with the generally received notions 

 of metamorphic action, one is at first tempted to look for grand inver- 

 sions of the strata. I do not think, however, that the general section 

 gives any encouragement to this mode of explanation. The very 

 approximate correspondence in the sequence of the deposits in the two 

 sections, at Simla and the Krol, confirms the negative evidence against the 

 inversion of the Simla rocks ; the theoretical puzzle of the metamorphism 

 of the upper part of the series must therefore be got over in some other 

 way. We may thus consider the more complex composition of the 

 upper deposits to be an inducing cause of change, while their more 

 heterogeneous conditions of texture as a series would account for their 

 greater local contortion and fracture ; and this state would itself be 

 an inducing cause of mineral modification, and especially of the intro- 

 duction of vein quartz. 



The portion of our general section intervening between the rocks I have described about 

 Simla, and about the Krol, is not so well understood. Along the two roads to Simla we get 

 excellent sections of these beds. On the new road, the more easterly one, we have seen the 

 schistose quartzite dipping to north-north-east, and forming the 

 south-westerly cliffs of Tara Devi. On the lower road the same 

 beds, with a smaller inclination in the same direction, extend along the low ridge for the 

 greater part of the way to Sairi. The nearest rocks to the south of these, and of which we 

 have already spoken, arc the Blini limestone and conglomerate, as they appear at the turn of 

 the Blini, on the north-west of the Krol. These beds can be traced for some way from this 

 place on the north side of the stream that flows from Kundah Ghat (the gap to the north 

 of the Krol, between it and Hirti Hill), along the base of the spurs south of Keari bungalow. 

 In a north-westerly direction these Blini beds stretch up from the river along the south- 

 westerly spurs of the Sairi hills ; they are crossed several times along the road between 

 Haripur and the crest of the hill, being greatly contorted. Thus there remain about six 

 miles in a direct line along the eastern road, and about four miles along the western 

 road, still unaccounted for. On both lines there is scarcely an exception to the north- 

 easterly dip of the strata, these exceptions being narrow bands of crushed rock, indi- 

 cating probably lines of twisting and displacement, or even of considerable faulting. 

 About thirteen miles from Simla, a short way to the north of Keari bungalow, there is a 

 rock that may help us to unravel the section ; it is a hard blue limestone, thin-bedded, about 

 twenty feet in all, dipping at a high angle to the north-east. I 

 suppose it to be the Blini limestone. In the unimportant character 

 of being uniformly of a blue colour, it is less like the Blini rock than what we find at 



