Chap. II.] the Himalayan semes. 37 



Simla. Under it, along the road to the bungalow, and stretching up to form the crest 

 of Hirti hill, on a spur of which the bungalow is built, there is a rock that may represent 

 the Blini conglomerate, which it resembles in many ways, though here not conglomeritic. 

 It is a greenish slaty grit in massive beds, with occasional thick beds of a harder, sandy 

 variety of a reddish tint. Below these, down the spurs to Kundah Ghat, there is a fine 

 section of beds that one can scarcely hesitate to identify with the Simla slates. Here also, 

 though considerably more disturbed than at Simla, they are quite free from foliation, or from 

 adventitious veining. The position of these slates confirms greatly the opinion that the 

 Keari limestone is the representative of the Blini rock. In proceeding down towards 

 Kundah Gliat. Kundah Ghat the dip gradually decreases to a small angle, but 



the beds are greatly broken up, and traversed by frequent 

 cracks, and small faults. Fig. 5 represents a section of these rocks, only thirty yards in 

 length, on the road side about halfway down the hill. Close to the gap (Kundah Ghat) the 

 dip becomes suddenly vertical again, and continues so up to the rise of the Krol. The view 



Fig. 5. 



^ 30XM'. ^ 



Exact section, thirty yards long, showing mode of fracture and contortion of the slates, 



north of Kundah Ghat. 



I take of the section here is represented in the section (Fig. 4), showing a considerable fault 



along a folded anticlinal flexure. The small details of structure exhibited in Fig. 5 are 



certainly in keeping with this general view. If my identifications of the rocks be correct, this 



fault must have a total throw of several thousand feet. It is along this line that the Giri 



flows in such a remarkably straight course to the south-east ; and we will presently see how 



similar the section remains in that direction. 



The description of the section to the north of the Keari limestone, or perhaps we may say 



of the Blini lhnestone at Keari, is not easy. This portion of the watershed-ridge consists of 



a series of gaps and low eminences connecting Hirti and Tara 

 Shaku gap. . . 



Devi hills, being across the strike, as is usual in these purely 



denudation-ridges. The rocks are well exposed along the road cuttings. Above the limestone 

 there is a thick band of mica-schist much traversed by quartz ; it is altogether very like the 

 rock of Jako. It is succeeded in ascending order by very finely bedded, slaty schists, and 

 sub-schistose flags, dipping at high angles, more than 50°, to north-north-east. There 

 is thus altogether a greater apparent thickness of rock than we have as yet supposed 

 to intervene between the Blini limestone and the Krol sandstone. The section is not, how- 

 ever, unbroken ; a more careful search might find, above the strong siliceous beds that form the 

 low peak over Shaku gap on the north, evidence of a repetition of Blini limestone ; imme- 

 diately on the north of the knoll formed by these beds there occur again softish micaceous 

 schists, that pass, with a low undulating and contorted dip, under the quartzites of Tara 

 Devi, as the schists of Jako pass below those on the north of the synclinal. At Shaku gap 

 and along the short incline down to the next gap, we are, moreover, at liberty to suppose any 



