Chap. II.] the Himalayan series. 51 



position for some distance to the east, as far as Bhalana. On the summit west of Jndare 

 the limestone and sandstone come in again with a dip of 50° to the north-east. A short 

 way to the east, south of Kune, the gneissose rocks form the main ridge, having a moderate 

 north-easterly dip. Thus Gairu stands at another bend of the boundary and exhibits the 

 irregularity of disturbance usual in similar positions elsewhere ; and here, as elsewhere, 

 the actual boundary curves round with a regularity that is most remarkable when we consi- 

 der the nature of the junction. 



For some distance to the northward from Gairu, I have no knowledge of this boundary 

 of the Shali (or Krol) limestone series with the mstamorphic rocks. . The narrow outlying 



band of the Krol rocks, which towards the Sutlej bounds the 

 rocks' yinS TidSe ° f Kl01 re S ion of the Subathu group on the west, exhibits the same 



general features of disturbance as have been described to the 

 east of this region ; the strike of the beds in that outlier corresponds throughout with 

 the direction of the ridge, which, being a well defined line on the map, exhibits that feature 

 clearly. 



The stratigraphical phenomena which I have attempted to describe 

 in the last few paragraphs form a companion puzzle to what we have 

 seen on the Chor. There we had a three-sided convergence of dip upon 

 what seems to be a point of special elevation ; here we have a three- 

 sided divergence of dip in what seems to be a band of special depression. 

 I assume in both cases, what I think is most probable, that the lime- 

 stones are the representatives of the Krol group. How (keepinc in mind 

 the magnitude of the section) these limestones of Shali became so deeply 

 let into this inverted trough of older strata, is more than I can at present 

 explain. If the east end of this trough were an ordinary fault, or a 

 rapid elevation and truncation of the calcareous strata, the case were 

 comparatively simple ; but it is not so ; the abnormal superposition of 

 the older strata is as regular on the east as on the north. 



It is not easy to account for the features of even a single section of the 

 junction, such as that through the Dhamun Nag. It is not a case of 

 simple inversion : the contiguity of the extreme types of rock involves 

 faulting, or some equivalent supposition ; and the direction of the plane 

 of contact necessitates reversion, that is, a slope opposite to that which 

 is considered normal in cases of faulting, with reference to the relative 

 positions of the younger and older strata. 



