Chap. It] the Himalayan series. 57 



In the region of the Beas and its tributaries we have a repetition, on a larger scale, of the 



structure I have described in the valley of the Sutlei. — an irre- 

 Areaof the Beas. . J J 



gular basin of the upper, unaltered rocks. It will be seen from 



the dotted line on the map that the boundary is put in conjecturally. I have only crossed the 

 district once ; along the road from Simla to Sultanpur, but the section then examined is 

 sufficient to show the strong similarity of the features to those seen in the Sutlej valley. In 

 the basin of the Beas the boundary rock on all three sides is gneissic. Of the great mass of 

 mountains, of which Cheru, Shinaridevi, and.Chigera are the principal summits (all over ten 

 thousand feet in elevation), I have no direct observations to record. We have seen that gneiss 

 rocks reach far down on their southern and south-western spurs over the limestone area of the 

 lower Sutlej. The section from Kotgurh to the Beas, crossing this mountain tract by the 

 Jalori pass, will afford a view of the probable condition of the whole. The gneiss rocks of 

 this region form by no means so uniform a mass as that described on the Chor. The gneiss 

 on the summit of Hatu shows the same conditions as that to the west of the Sutlej. On des- 

 cending from Hatu through Kotgurh to the Komarsin bridge, or on going from Narkunda over 

 the summits to the west, and down the Shengri spur, to the same point, I noticed no felspathic 

 rocks ; crystalline schists of both siliceous and earthy types occupy the whole section ; it is 

 even remarkable that the lower beds, under Komarsin, are often more slaty than schistose, 

 and, in that state, are generally also carbonaceous or graphitic, decomposing into a sticky 

 black clay. The softer varieties of schist often exhibit great local contortions, but a general 

 moderate inclination is traceable throughout, varying to between north and east. For about 

 eight hundred or one thousand feet over the Sutlej the gorge is cut into massive porphyritic 

 gneiss. The bedding is very distinct, showing a low, undulating dip to the northwards. 



On the section from Komarsin bridge to Jalori there are numerous instances of true gneiss 

 interbedded with the schists. There are several such bands through the schists below 

 Dularsh. At the stream north of the Kando gap there is some very massive and granitoid 

 gneiss with a steady low dip into the ridge to the north-east. Graphitic schist shows near 

 Bushlani, A low west by south dip obtains on the spur of Purgot. On the main rid"-e at 

 Jalori siliceous schists dip at 40° to 50° to south-east. On the descent from Jalori to the 

 northwards the rocks are greatly concealed by mould, which very commonly, as here, lies deep 

 on the forest-covered northern slopes. In several places soft schists are exposed, and are fre- 

 quently highly graphitic. At a few hundred feet over the valley, some thick-bedded, clear 

 sub-crystalline limestone crops out in the midst of graphitic and soft micaceous schists. The 

 dip is here south-westerly. About Gag the same beds underlie to the north-east. About 

 Rusali strong bedded quartzite-sandstone dips at 40° to the south-east ; and on the rid^e above 

 these beds form fine cliffs, with the same dip. Under this baud of hard rock there is a °reat 

 thickness of fine, soft, argillaceous, and sub-foliated slates, in which a green variety, and also 

 the graphitic variety, are conspicuous. As seen on the base of the spurs, and in the valley 

 below Plach, they exhibit much crushing with variation of underlie, yet having a prevailing 

 southerly direction on the south of the river, and an easterly direction on the north of it. 

 Trappean intrusions are large and frequent, as is well seen about the bridge above Manglour. 

 From a short way below Manglour the river passes through a great band of limestone, often 

 thick-bedded and sandy, with grits, and dark and pale red slaty shales. In the short gorge 

 between the confluence of the Teerthun and the Synj at Largi, and the confluence o£ 



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