58 SUB-HIMALAYAN ROCKS OF N. W. INDIA. [CHAP. II. 



the combined streams with the Beas, there is a good section showing repeated alterna- 

 tions cf arenaceous, argillaceous, and calcareous strata, having here a prevailing high 

 underlie to the north-east. These limestones and quartzose rocks form the hills on the east 

 of the Beas, with an east-north-east dip. At the base of Phugni, north of Sultanpur, siliceous 

 mica-schists have a variable underlie to the north and north-west : at about three thousand 

 feet up there is a band of porphyritic gneiss ; it is overlaid by graphitic and ferriferous 

 schists. On the summit there is a considerable thickness of fine siliceous schists in thin and 

 thick beds, and having a steady dip of 45° to north 30° east. This northerly dip seems to 

 obtain here on both sides of the Beas. In crossing the ridge on the west of the valley, by 

 the road from Bajaora, green slaty schists appear at the lower end of the gorge with a high 

 westerly underlie ; but within a very short distance they give place to gniessose rocks. The 

 ridge is, in fact, formed by this rock with its associated siliceous and micaceous schists ; 

 the dip is inward and northwards on both sides, producing an irregular synclinal with a 

 northerly inclination of the axis. 



The same general argument may be applied here, as in the Sutlej area, for supposing the 

 limestone, and the beds immediately associated with it, to represent the Krol group. The fine 

 green earthy rock, so frequently sub- schistose, is a new introduction or else a modification of 

 the dark, shaly slates ; indeed, all the rocks of this area are more altered than those of the 

 Sutlej valley. In respect of structure, the rule is as strictly observed here as elsewhere of 

 dipping towards the nearest ridge of the older rocks. A first impression of the section, both on 

 the ridge of Jalori and on that over Bajaora, would be, that the gneissic rocks were underlaid 

 throughout by the limestones and slaty rocks which seem to crop out from beneath them on 

 either side. The fact just noticed establishes a contrast, which may be a very significant 

 one, between these ridges of gneissic rocks and the granitoid masses of the Chor, and of the 

 Dhaoladhar, as presently to be described. In both these latter cases the schistose and slate 

 rocks on the north rest upon, and are inclined from the ridge of granitoid gneiss rock ; in the 

 former they appear to dip under the similar rocks. 



In the fringing band of upper rocks in this portion of the Lower Himalaya, we find a 

 departure from the type of the Krol section, corresponding with what has just been noticed 

 in the valley of the Beas. Prom Suket northwards, trap becomes a dominant rock along 

 the boundary. It shows a general conformity in direction to the strike of the strata, both 

 agreeing with the direction of the boundary, which is here often to east of north. The 

 continuation westward of the section along the road across the ridge, from Bajaora, will 

 exemplify this statement. About Sandoa there is an abrupt change from the gneissose 

 schists of the ridge, to very dark, carbonaceous, and ferruginous, shaly rocks, often 

 very hard and flinty ; they are nearly vertical, having but a small underlie to east 10° 

 north. Without any marked variation of character these rocks continue the whole way to 

 the Ool, a distance of about four miles across the strike ; the foldings are # so complete 

 as to escape detection. This band of rock is just such as might result from a greater 

 development of the Infra-Krol shales. In the immediate valley of the Ool, trap-rocks 

 are extensively exposed, and of numerous varieties, compact and vesicular. On the 

 steep ascent to the west clear quartzitc-sandstones, with occasional partings of pink and 

 blue slate, show a broken, Avesterly underlie : but, on the whole, trappean rocks predominate 

 in this ridge, the slates and quartzites being rather intercalated in the trap than the trap in 



