Chap. II.] the Himalayan series. 59 



them. Trappean metaniorphism has also operated largely, producing intermediate varieties 

 of contact-rocks. Close along the western base of this ridge we come xxpon our main 

 boundary, the inner limit of the Sub-Himalayan rocks. The special features of this junction 

 will be described elsewhere ; I may now, however, mention that a limestone almost 

 invariably occurs along it among the inner rocks, and still showing features in common with 

 the upper Krol rock ; for example, at Badoula, a few miles to the north of our last section, 

 about one hundred feet of blue, compact, cherty limestone is underlaid by greenish and pink 

 quartzite sandstones, and red shaly slates. 



The next section that I have seen of these outermost rocks is at the 



extreme north-westerly limit of the lower region of the Eastern Himalaya, 



and where we find first established in those rocks the conditions which 



remain constant throughout the whole length of the Dhaoladhar range. 



Western limit of the North of Haurbagh (Hurribagh), about Wyre, the 

 Lower Himalayan area. outer rockg of ^ section ^ concealed The 



first rocks that appear are trappean schists, having an east-north-east 

 underlie, often at a moderate angle. At about a third of the height these 

 are apparently overlaid by gray quartzites, and these pass transitionally 

 by alternation into siliceous mica-schists ; all having a moderate dip into 

 the ridge. The schists graduate into the massive porphyritic gneiss that 

 forms the crest, where the dip is high to the north-east. Schorl is common 

 in the gneiss. The deep gorge of the Ool is here formed in fine, soft mica- 

 schists, with a south-south-east strike, and a variable underlie. It seems 

 possible that these argillaceous schists may represent the broad band of 

 carbonaceous slates noticed below Sandoa : the general analogy of other 

 sections would, however, lead me to expect that it is not so, — that the 

 boundary remains as distinct as usual, and that the metamorphic rocks of 

 the higher ridge to the east of the Ool gradually encroach to the westward 

 until, as just described, they occupy the valley and the outer ridge. In 

 the Ool at this point trap-rocks are absent, as is almost always the case in 

 the crystalline metamorphic rocks. Over the villages of Diot, Darmaun, 

 and Milan there is a band of schist, largely charged with magnetic iron 

 ore, which is extensively worked. In re-crossing the ridge from Kohad 

 to Beer the section is very similar to that above Wyre ; but here the 



