Chap. II. ] the Himalayan series. 65 



direction of the boundary. The open valley of Rampur is excavated in these slates. In 

 Dalhousie the junction occurs at the gap between the Potrain and the Perasana hills ; it is about 

 the most westerly point to which the granitoid band reaches. The dip in both rocks at this spot 

 is much lower than usual ; both are, moreover, a good deal decomposed, so that their contact 

 here is not well seen. I obtained a better section of the contact in the angle of the gorge 

 between Dalhousie and the "slate" quarries. For about fifty feet from the granite the schists 

 exhibit a very marked increase in induration, acquiring a close-grained, crystalloid texture. 

 Near the contact, irregular small veins of the granitoid rock are included in this hard contact- 

 rock, yet the junction with the main mass is perfectly sharp, indicating no approach to an 

 amalgamation of their ingredients. The inner rock here has its most granite-like aspect, yet 

 the foliation and rough stratification show conformability to the schist series, the dip in both . 

 being about 50° to east 15° north. In this gorge, and again in that of the Naina, the indications 

 of the general super-position of the crystalloid rocks on the schistose series is as plain as in 

 any instances already noticed ; the curve of the contact is turned well up the gorges. 



In the Dalhousie sections we find particularly well marked a feature of which indications 



may have been noticed elsewhere ; namely, the occurrence of a 

 Schist band. J ■" 



band of rocks more or less slaty, or more or less schistose 



between the central granitoid mass and the band of limestone and shaly slates. In the 

 Choari section this was very obscure ; in the Dhurmsala section it was more defined. In 

 the Dalhousie section Ave have just seen how well marked the inner of the two boundaries 

 can be. As an instance of how capricious the metamorphic action has been in this transi- 

 tion zone, I may notice a thin band of strata that is seen on the road side near the " slate" 

 quarries, nearly on the strike of the slates, and within fifty yards of the quasi-granite ; 

 they are beds of compact, splintery, very earthy limestone, or rather calcareous clay, 

 very like some of the lower- Krol beds ; yet such a rock is one which, according to 

 generally received notions of metamorphic agency, ought to exhibit more change than 

 the coarser siliceous rocks among which it occurs ; containing, as it does, in itself such 

 elements of chemical re-action. In the descending section to the west of Dalhousie the 

 schistose characters become again more and more developed ; at Bunketra we find decided 

 mica-schists. On Dulog ridge these overlie a thick mass of gneissose schist, having a 

 steady dip of 12° to east 10° south. An ore of iron has been largely worked in this gneiss 

 rock ; it occurs as irregular strings and masses, principally of magnetic oxyde. This 

 gneiss band of Dulog is underlaid by more mica-schist, which, in the valley and along the 

 gaps, occurs in abrupt junction with the limestone and shaly slates. I have no observation 

 to show how this metamorphic zone behaves to the north and west ; whether it also thins out, 

 like the central ran of granitic rocks, or whether it continues beyond the Ravee into the 

 Jummoo territories. The former seems the more likely. 



Continuing, in the same direction, the section from the point of the Dhaoladhar ridge to the 



Ravee, we find the uppermost band of the Himalayan rocks as 

 Krol band. > rr j 



well marked as we have seen the others to be. The limestone, 



with shaly slates, both red and blackish, some quartzite-sandstones, and a little trap-rock, is 



three times repeated on the spur beyond Bugrar, an east -south-east dip prevailing. This is 



the last I have seen of the group that I have conjectured to represent the Krol beds. The 



final steep fall of the hill into the gorge of the Ravee, to the contact of the Sub-Himalayan 



I 



