Chap. II.] the Himalayan series. 67 



have an opposite dip ; while on the Camel's Back hill the northerly 

 underlie again prevails. Immediately under this limestone a black 

 shale is almost everywhere conspicuous, and here, as in the neighbour- 

 hood of Subathu, it has often raised expectations of the discovery of 

 coal. The whole series must be greatly contorted, for we find crushed 

 black slate repeatedly on the ascent to Masuri, from the very base at 

 Raj pur. Landour summit is composed of a variety of hard fine grits, 

 thick micaceous sandstones, and strong sandy limestone, with a general 

 dip to the north-north-east. At the gap below the hospital on the east, a 

 synclinal bend brings in the same beds, with a south-south-westerly dip. 

 Across the spurs to the north the strong bedded clear limestone band 

 crops out from under these beds, and strike into the ridge to form Tup- 

 pobun summit, with still a south-south-westerly dip. The same strike, 

 oblique to the direction of the ridge, brings in the slates again under 

 the limestone; there are pinkish and greenish, as well as dark varieties. 

 Under these, at the turn up to the Sakunda summit, the Blini limestone 

 and its conglomerate are typically seen. Next the limestone the base of 

 the conglomerate is shaly, it rapidly becomes gritty, then sandy, and 

 so in a manner passes into the coarse clear sandstones on which it rests, 

 and which are throughout more or less conglomeritic. These massive 

 sandstones form the summit of Sakunda ; at the peak itself they seem 

 to turn over to the north -north-east. A short way below the road on the 

 southern spur from Sakunda, the Blini group again shows, in front of the 

 sandstone. Thus, throughout this whole range, the strike is very steady, 

 becoming towards the eastward gradually nearer to a north-west, south- 

 east one. 



After the observation just made, one is surprised, on descending into the 



Section in the Hew- van ey of the Hewnulgur, to find a totally different 



nu gur ' state of things. Even above Pugali, well up on the- 



flanks of the ridge, blue slates are dipping steadily at 50° to the north-west. 



With local exceptions, this north-westerly and westerly dip is steady for a 



