Chap. II] the Himalayan series. 69 



Subathu group, as already mentioned. On the south, about Kothar 

 village, the nummulitic rocks are in contact with schistose slates. Here, 

 and down the upper valley of the Tal, these rocks strike north-north-west. 

 In the gorge cut by the Tal through the north and south ridge, there is 

 found a rock which is for the present unique in a very important respect : 

 it is the only fossiliferous rock that I have met with or heard of (well 

 authenticated) in all these Lower Himalayan 

 rocks. The fossils are indeed very obscure, 

 fragmentary impressions of bivalve mollusca, but they are undoubted 

 organic remains. The rock is a sandy siliceous limestone, in thick 

 beds; but the whole is not more than twenty or thirty feet in thick- 

 ness. The band occurs twice in this short gorge, being repeated 

 by a sharp anticlinal flexure. The beds associated with this limestone 

 are pink, gray, and black shaly slates, the latter being often crush- 

 ed, highly carbonaceous, ferruginous, and sulphureous, after the manner 

 of the Infra-Krol rock. On the whole, the group suggests this con- 

 nection, but in a degree far from conclusive. The same beds form 

 the ridge for some way to the south-east, to the villages Kimsar and 

 Ambwala. 



Along the flank of the outermost ridge, north of the Kota dun, I 

 have noticed, among the glossy, dark, clav slates, 



Kota dun. " 



abundant debris of a slaty conglomerate exactly 



like the Blini rock. 



The section through Naini Tal and Almorah presents some analogies 



to the Simla section. The ridge of Naini Tal is 

 Naini Tal and Almorah. 



a great synclinal range, with many local fractures 



and contortions, just like its type, the Krol range. I believe, too, that the 



rocks are representative. The great limestone that forms many of the 



summits to the south of Naini Tal is very similar to the Krol limestone ; 



and the pink, greenish, and dark gray shaly slates associated with it 



show affinities to the same group. The Samkhet valley to the north of 



