Chap. III.] sub-himalayan series — subathu group. 81 



Having disposed of the first, I may now take up the second point 



of relation between the Subathu groups and the underlying rocks, 



namely, that the present north-eastern boundary of the group was 



approximately its original limit of deposition. That the nummulitic 



rocks are not now found more extensively covering the Lower Hima- 



. „ t .. .. „ layan area srives but little reason for presuming 

 A north-east limit or J ° ± o 



deposition. ih&t this condition did not once obtain. There 



is, however, a fact tending to suggest this, viz., that not even a single 

 outlier, beyond a certain well-defined line, has been found over so 

 large an area of the Lower Himalayas ; the contortion to which 

 both series have been simultaneously subjected would assuredly have 

 enfolded some of the upper strata, so as to be protected from subse- 

 quent denudation. We find better evidence in the variation of the 

 nummulitic deposits themselves, that they had an abrupt limit at 

 or about what is now their inner boundary. This might have been con- 

 jectured from the consideration of the facts already given. In the sec- 

 Section at and north of tion described in the upper Blini, in what I pre- 

 sumed to be almost the base of the Subathu 

 beds, I mentioned red clays as equally prominent with other varie- 

 ties. In proceeding from that section westerly along the strike of 

 the rocks, down the river, as the band of upper rock expands, we 

 soon come upon massive sandstones interstratified with red clays and 

 fossiliferous nummulitic clays, conditions strongly indicative of a higher 

 part of the series. In the section at Subathu itself, among what are 

 positively bottom rocks, the same characters have been noted. The 

 comparison of these sections with those to the south-west leads to 

 important conclusions. 



In descending from Subathu by the Budi road, towards the south- 



Section south of Su- west > into the valle ^ of the Chota dumber, 

 bathu - a fall of some 1,200 or 1,500 feet, the whole 



section is in what may be called the Subathu beds, that is, in the lowest 



L 



