82 SUB-HIMALAYAN ROCKS OF N. W. INDIA. [CHAP. III. 



sub-division of the Subathu group, the rocks already so well known as 

 the nummulitic rocks of Subathu. Through this entire section the strata 

 are almost exclusively of the character peculiar to the base of the group, 

 — dull greenish, yellow, and brown clays, sometimes calcareous, and with 

 occasional layers of concretionary earthy limestone ; there are a few beds 

 of grit, or even of fine, earthy, brown sandstone. I cannot assert that the 

 whole section from Subathu to the Ghumber is a continuous descending 

 succession ; it is not unlikely that towards the base some of the beds 

 are repeated by contortion, for in the valley we soon come upon transi- 

 tion beds belonging to the middle of the group ; 

 Comparison of the two, . . 



but still there must be a considerable thickness 



of beds, which are but feebly, if at all, represented in the little section 

 north of the bazaar at Subathu. At the edge of the ridge, where the 

 road begins to descend from the south-west corner of the parade 

 ground, there is a very instructive contact-section. At first sight it 

 seems quite at variance with the opinions I have adopted regarding the 

 original relation of the two series of deposits (vide Fig. 9) : the num- 

 mulitic clays are inclined at a low angle to north-east, against what 

 seems to be a fault-surface of the thin-bedded, gritty, sub-schistose 

 slates ; to complete the contrast, these latter beds are much broken 

 and contorted, and next the junction are inclined at a high angle towards 

 the younger rocks. They are the same beds which in the section 

 north of the bazaar underlie the nummulitic rocks in local conform- 

 ability of dip. A little consideration will enable us to adapt these facts 

 to the conditions I conceive to have existed during the deposition 

 of the nummulitic strata, namely, that they were deposited against 

 cliffs, on ledges, and in deeply cut bays of the old rocks. Indeed, I am 

 inclined to assert, that no other supposition will reconcile the two sec- 

 tions. This ridge of the old rocks at Subathu formed an eminence on 

 the nummulitic sea-bottom ; the area to the north of it was also at 

 that time, probably to a greater extent than now, raised above the area 



