86 SUB-HIMALAYAN ROCKS OF N. W. INDIA. [CHAP. III. 



must have grown in the immediate neighbourhood, probably on islands 

 of the Krol rocks which had become inliers in the nummulitic deposits, 

 and on the slopes of the land which I suppose to have existed to the 

 north-east of this area from before the commencement of these deposits, 

 and upon which land, in a somewhat remodelled condition, the fauna of 

 the Sivalik period lived long subsequently* 



In each of the foregoing arguments upon the relations of the Subathu 

 Pre-nummulitic dis- group to the rocks of the Lower Himalayas, the 



Subathu section has been brought to notice, and 

 incidental mention was then made of the relation to which I wish now 

 to draw attention, namely, the phenomena of disturbance as affecting 

 these contiguous formations. The fact of such extensive denudation 

 havino - affected the older rocks prior to the nummulitic period, implies 

 that these rocks had also undergone disturbance, and it is of importance 

 to be able to indicate the nature of that disturbance : it was in -no 



sensible degree the disturbance which produces 



Not contortion. . # # 



contortion or flexure of strata. There is prima 

 facie evidence for this statement in the fact, that the Subathu group ex- 

 hibits quite as much contortion as do the Krol and subjacent groups, and 

 that the manner of flexure is the same in both ; there are the same varia- 

 tions in general strike in one as in the other. The only direct corroborative 

 evidence I can add to this general observation is, once more, derived from 

 our Subathu section, — though small, it is not to be despised. The slate 

 rocks at Subathu must have been approximately horizontal when the num- 

 mulitic clays were deposited upon them ; both follow the same synclinal fold. 

 If the views that have now been explained be accepted, they offer some 



„ T means of forming an opinion regarding the nature 



Elevation of Lower or & a 



Himalayan area. f p r e-nummulitic elevation. By extending to the 



north-west and south-east the fact of the original limitation of the 



* At the end of this Chapter will be found a notice of the plants and the other few fossils 

 obtained by me from the Subathu group. 



