Chap. IV.] nahun and sivalik groups. 123 



scarped edges of the massive. strata of clear gray sandstones which lie on 

 the north of the anticlinal, and all of which dip to the north. For some 

 miles, near the Ganges valley, the hills rise less abruptly, and are covered 

 with jungle. The strata here dip southwards, on the south of the anticlinal, 

 which strikes the Ganges near Bheemgoda, to the north of the main 

 mass of the range. Eastwards, across the Ganges, the usual structure of 

 the range is restored : in the grey cliffs of Chandi Devi we see the scarped 

 edges of strata dipping northwards. This contrast is most observable in 

 the gorge at Hurdwar : the strata on the two sides of the river are seen 

 dipping in opposite directions. This phenomenon attracted the notice of 

 Herbert and all subsequent observers. 



The alteration noticed in the features of the range to the west of 

 the Ganges is not caused by any sudden turn in the direction of the 

 anticlinal line of flexure ; the curving is in the range itself : nor, 

 on the other hand, is the change purely a caprice of denudation, 

 for, together with the passage of the range to the south of the 

 line of flexure, the strata on the north of the line are let down 

 by a fault along the axis ; hence at Bheemgoda we find the top- 

 most beds of clays and gravels in contact with the base of the cliffs of 

 sandstone, and inclining gently northwards. About the Motichoor mo 

 (torrent) there is a fiat synclinal, the Motichoor ridge being formed of 

 about the same beds of clay, gravel and boulders inclined to the 

 south-west. These contrary slopes merge into the uniform northerly 

 inclination west of Kansrao. 



At present I see no reasonable escape from the conclusion, that this 



Bheemgoda fault must have a throw of many 

 The Bheemgoda fault. 



thousand feet, estimated by the thickness of the 



continuous section of the strata to the south ; these clays and gravel beds 



on the north of the fault are probably even higher in the series than 



any beds in the section to the south. If we were at liberty to consider 



them altogether of subsequent date, we might substitute intervening 



