172 SUB-HIMALAYAN ROCKS OF N. W. INDIA. [CHAP. VI. 



are incompatible with such an explanation. They are connected with 

 flexure, not sheer faulting, and in the best established instances of faults 

 the down-throw is oftenest on the north-east side. I attribute all to the 

 pressure of the mountain-mass. 



In the older rocks we must, I think, look nearer home for the im- 

 mediate cause of this prevalent mode of disturb- 



Conclusions on the ♦ 



disturbance of the older ance, and there seem to be inevitable reasons 



for connecting it with the elevation of the rocks. 

 We thus, through what I will venture to call the impossibility of account- 

 ing for this dip as the result of any independent direct source of eleva- 

 tory action, such as the development of elastic vapours, are able to 

 eliminate such a cause from our speculations regarding the elevation of 

 the Himalaya. The Chor and the Dhaoladhar, especially if we can look 

 upon them as the representatives of the true granitic intrusions of the 

 eastern regions, give us important suggestions : they connect the mode of 

 contortion with the introduction of the hypogene* intrusive rocks, — a 

 definite direction of lateral force immediately associated with a product 

 of a known source of mechanical force. If this coincidence be not for- 

 tuitous, if both phenomena be not the result of a general cause, we 

 are led to infer, with Colonel Strachey, but on different grounds, that 

 the line of peaks, which is the line of granitic intrusion, is to the 

 south of the centre of energy ; but the same facts would lead us 

 to conjecture, differently from the same author, that the granitic intru- 

 sion is connected with the principal act of formation of the mountain 

 mass, by which the palaeozoic and secondary rocks of Thibetan regions 

 were brought into their present positions. This question of the granitic 

 axis is a very interesting one ; Colonel Strachey, although he mentions 

 the occurrence of granite veins in the bottom beds of the Trans- Hima- 

 layan unmetamorphic rocks, shows good reasons for supposing the 



* I use the word hypogene simply as conveying the opinion, I believe universally accepted, 

 that granite, as such, cannot be a superficially-formed rock. 



