BUNDELCUND. 47 



the iron bed : the floor is a hard red shale. For about 60 yards along the hill 

 there are old pits and debris, all at the same level; so that the deposit is seen 

 to have some extension : at the south base of the hill there is a compact 

 drusy trap. This is certainly an exception to the rule, and I cannot 

 hesitate in ranking this particular bed with the Semri group, and alto- 

 gether of ancient detrital origin, as all its circumstances declare. Although 

 the only case of a decided deposit in the lowest Semri beds, geological 

 parallels are not uncommon along the junction, in which before the dis- 

 tinctive character of the group asserted itself, the deposits had a purely 

 local stamp, as in the Chokeedar river east of Heerapore, " the Semri 

 come in shortly after, resting on this red clay rock ; the bottom 20 feet 

 are alternating, compact and shaly, thin beds, apparently of the red clay 

 re-aggregated, and in them are small concentric concretions of iron oxide, 

 the clear sandstone covering all." 



The almost rectangular displacement of the usually steady boundary 



between the Bijawurs and the crystallines would 

 The N. S. boundary. 



naturally make one look for a fault : and the 



further examination of the rocks along this portion of the junction con- 

 firms the conjecture. The next junction to that typical one under Sanodo 

 is on the path to Heerapore : on the level of this latter place, one foot steps 

 on gneissose rock, and the next on the red iron-clay ; there are diggings 

 within 40 yards of the junction : but it is far from presenting this sim- 

 plicity throughout, as may be seen at Heerapore itself. The town is 

 built upon a knoll of crystalline rocks, almost isolated in the midst of 

 Bijawurs, on the north side of this we find the quartzite breccia, 

 apparently resting on a white micaceous siliceous schist, on the other side 

 of the town there is another junction, but the rock in contact is earthy and 

 highly ferruginous ; moreover, it lies against the granitic rock abruptly, 

 possibly vertically ; 100 yards south of this, there have been extensive 

 iron pits in it, the conditions of the ore differing in no way from that in 

 other pits, save in the gangue being a little more dense and somewhat 



