BUNDELCUND. 63 



series in contact with the granite, there is a white, quartzite conglome- 

 rate, strongly bedded though roughly laminated, resting on the clear 

 surface of the red syenite: the bottom 6 feet have large pebbles of 

 quartz scattered on the surface of the laminae; they in every respect 

 resemble the Bijawur conglomerate. The height to the edge of scarp 

 may be 300 feet, the vertical cliff of sandstone being 15 to 20, but 

 including what has weathered back from the edge the sandstone may 

 double this thickness. Over the edge of the scarp a rugged hill rises, to 

 about 150 feet; at base, over the sandstone there is a white, sometimes 

 ochreous, steatitic clay ; over this, and forming most of the hill is a 

 thinly laminated iron ore — it too is horizontal, but shows very locally 

 the effects of intense strain, being sharply bent and shivered. The 

 greater part of the hill top has been excavated and used for iron; it 

 must have supplied many thousand cubic yards of ore ; the remaining 

 outstanding pieces are the semi-jasperized sides and ancient surface." 

 A short way east of this spur the road enters the hills by a valley, and 



here it is seen that the granite surface inclines rapidly to the north 



at Meisera, but a short way in and at no elevation, the same iron rock 

 is extensively quarried. In the river on the plain north of and above 

 this I got some shales, grits and limestones that reminded me of some 

 Semri rocks : a spheroidal diorite occurs some how near these. Such 

 are the strata of the hills south of the station of Gwalior ; I did not 

 attempt to guess their relations, but I could not help being struck bv 

 their analogies with what I had seen under the Vindhyans on the other 

 side of the crystalline rocks. 



The hill on which Gwalior Fort is built is physically quite similar to 



the many other fort-hills of Bundelcund: ad van- 

 Tort Hill Gwalior. 



tage has been taken of the mode of weathering, 

 vertical on every side, of horizontal masses of sandstones. In the lower 

 hills to north and north-east of the Fort this Gwalior sandstone is well 



