88 BUNDELCUND. 



show that even at that time, when the denudation was so much less than 

 now, none existed, for any denuding force that spared these numerous 

 outliers of comparatively soft rock could hardly have removed a mass of 

 sandstone. 



Before leaving the subject of denudation I would notice some facts 

 Inferences from pre- su gg es tedby the present river courses. The case is 

 sent drainage. most mar k e( j j n t h e Bheela and in the Semri. The 



former as may be seen on the map, after flowing for some distance 

 across the low open plain, cuts through a promontory of high land ; 

 many sections might be got from it to the Dessain, no point of which 

 would be more than 30 feet over its water level, still it prefers the 

 narrow gorge several miles in length through hills some 500 feet high. 

 It is very evident that under present conditions the stream could never 

 have made for itself such a passage: it seems equally impossible to 

 me that any play of waves or of oceanic currents could have produced 

 it The Semri is a stronger case still ; after draining the greater 

 part of the Bijawur formation, it turns through a gorge, near Deora, right 

 across the ridge of the Semri sandstone, under-cutting a considerable 

 thickness of hard and massive rocks : here too an exit could be found 

 to the outer plain, by Deora and Amrounea at a trifling increase of 

 level. The same remarks apply in this case, the present stream could 

 never have chosen this path, nor I think, can it be attributed to waves : 

 there is no fault or other inducing cause. 



The only origin I can conceive for both is the same cause as that still at 

 work along the present scarp, in the many similar river gorges now drain- 

 ing the table-land, that is, the action of water falling in mass. This 

 involves, in the case of the Bheela, the supposition that at the time its 

 gorge was excavated, the Dulchipore valleys did not exist and also that 

 the present wide bay between Dullipore and Shahgurh, including of 

 course a large area to the west, beyond Tingunnah and Mudunpore, 

 was then part of the table-land: a similar explanation is necessary for 



