T. Kmx.—On New Zealand Beeches. 299 
smooth bark may often be seen even on the largest trunks. This retention 
of the smooth bark has led to the adoption of the common name of silver 
beech for this species. 
The timber is of a deep reddish-brown colour, compact in texture, and 
splits easily. It is well adapted for inside work as rafters, flooring joists, 
etc., and especially for the manufacture of ordinary furniture, French 
bedsteads, sideboards, etc.; also for wine casks, tubs, buckets, etc. A con- 
siderable demand for these purposes may be anticipated when the progress 
of road-making has afforded more easy access to the silver beech forests, 
but at present I am not aware that any timber-merchant considers it worth 
while to keep the wood in stock. So far as Wellington is concerned, a 
supply could be obtained from the Rimutaka. When used for fencing pur- 
poses it lasts from three to seven years; house blocks in dry ground, and 
sheltered from the rain, are in a partially decayed state after having been 
fixed for eleven years. Shingles require renewal at the end of six or seven 
years. 
The silver beech attains its northern limit on the Te Aroha Mountain at 
the head of the Hauraki Gulf. It is abundant on the mountains of the 
East Cape, on the Ruahine, Tararua and Rimutaka Ranges, and the Wainui- 
omata Hills in the North Island. In the South Island it occurs on the 
Kaikoura Mountains, Mount Arthur Range, Spencer Mountains, and more 
or less throughout the Southern Alps, especially on their western slopes. 
In the Makarora Valley it is the only species found between the head of 
Lake Wanaka and the Haast Pass, the timber in this distriet being of de- 
eidedly better quality than in thelowlands. The most southern specimens 
known to me occur at Colac Bay and Lake George in the Longwood district. 
Sometimes it forms the chief portion of the forest, but is commonly 
mixed with other species. In the south it often occurs singly, or in small 
quantity in mixed forest, as in the Makarewa district. 
It descends to the sea-level at Colac Bay, Dusky Bay, Preservation Inlet, 
and other places, but is most frequent at elevations between 1,200 and 
2,500 feet. Its highest levels are but little above 8,000 feet. 
Specimens from humid situations, at low levels on the west coast of the 
South Island, generally have leaves of thinner texture, and less closely set 
than those from higher levels. In both these points as well as in the 
margination, a wide range of variation is exhibited. 
This species is subject to a remarkable foliar transformation : crowded 
panicles of scaly, fulvous bracts are developed at the tips of the branchlets. 
Usually four scales form a kind of flask-shaped perianth, which is sessile in 
the axil of a larger bract-like scale, and covers a number of minute scales. 
These panicles are often produced in great abundance, and present a close 
resemblance to the early stages of a true inflorescence. 
