Wetis.—On the Drift Beds of Wakapuaka. 847 
rolling about on their journey to where we find them. If these surmises 
are correct, then some force must have been at work to bring them to their 
present position. This force the observing geologist concludes has been 
water, bringing down fragments from the parent rock, also detritus of a 
lighter material in the form of clay, and depositing it at sea-level. How- 
ever, we find this deposit, as I have before remarked, far above the level of 
the sea, consequently some other force must have been at work to raise it to 
the elevation at which it now stands. 
If we travel up the Maitai, a short distance before reaching the slate 
formation we find a range of greenstone dykes running in a north and 
south direction, and to them I presume may be attributed the upheaval of 
this raised beach. Where these dykes obtruded themselves, the elevation of 
this boulder drift was the sequence. I may mention here that the boulders 
in this drift are of a different mineralogical character from those brought 
down by the River Maitai, being mostly hard indurated sandstone and con- 
glomerates, while the Maitai drift partakes more of rocks-of a crystalline 
Character, such as serpentine, hypersthene, dunite, and various hornblendic 
rocks, with a mixture of slate, so we must look for another outlet for this 
Wakapuaka drift than the Maitai. If we examine the back country 
north of the Maitai, and onwards towards the Happy Valley outlet, 
we will find the same sandstones and conglomerates in sit, and they are at 
the present time being brought down by the Ludd Stream, which flows 
through that district, so that we may fairly conclude that this drift has 
been carried from the degraded rocks of the higher country behind, and 
subsequently raised by the ejecting of the greenstone. 
The Port Hills are all drift matter, overlying the sandstone which is 
exposed at the cliffs, part of which has been carried from the eastern ranges 
and part from the west, and is very easily defined. The western drift is 
well shown on the ridge at the back of Major Richmond’s property, contain- 
ing granite boulders in the clay, and as no granite is found on this side, in 
situ, we may conclude that this drift material came from the west, granite 
there being the prevailing rock; and on examining the Port Hill faces on 
the Nelson or township side, they partake more of the material which 
might be expected to come from the Wakapuaka Ranges; so that water- 
force must have been at work both on the east and west side of these drift 
beds. 
In mostly all sedimentary strata of any considerable antiquity we find 
faults occurring, that is to say, we seldom find them in the same horizontal 
position in which they were deposited, but either at a less or more abrupt 
angle, having been subjected to internal forees from underneath. These 
greenstone dykes I have been speaking of are one of a large family generally 
