Vaux.—On the Probable Origin of the Maori Races. 47 
he is cultivating theland. The Subjunctive by me; as, me kaua te marangat, 
etc., if there had not been bad weather, ete. 
The Infinitive by kia and kei, and the Imperative by a great number of 
different modifications, the chief of which are the employment of kia, the 
absence of any particles whatever, or the prefixing of e to the future. 
Generally a passive form is used for the Imperative, as, karangatia e koe te 
tamaiti, let the child be called by you. The Imperative is also further 
indicated by the use of maku, mau, mana, me, ete., in which, though the 
verb retains its active form, it is clearly used in a passive sense ; as, me 
karanga e koe te tamaiti, the child must be called by you. 
Dr. Maunsell thinks that the verbal particles have some correspondence 
with the auxiliary verbs in English; at the same time they clearly do not 
admit of the same varieties of application, while they cannot claim the 
rank of the verb substantive. He thinks, too, with M. Buschmann, that no 
tenses can be accurately defined except the Present, Past, and Future. The 
distinctions he shews between simple and compound tenses are much to 
the point, and his analysis of the Imperative in Maori is valuable for the 
accurate study of the language, but is too detailed for the purpose I have 
here in hand. In connection, however, with the verb, I ought to add that 
there are a considerable number of what are called Verbal Nowns—their 
general object being to secure niceties and distinctions of meaning. Thus, 
wanaunga is, relative; wanautanga, a birth; kiteanga, the opportunity of 
seeing a thing ; kitenga, the act of seeing; wahanga, the carrying on a back; 
wahinga, a breaking, etc. 
But, condensed, though my notice has necessarily been, I believe I have 
said enough to shew the general character of the verb in Maori ; I proceed, 
therefore, now, to compare with it the verb in other dialects. The Tongan 
verb is characterised by its simplicity and regularity. It has but three 
tenses—past, present, and future—denoted by the signs, gooa, na, and me 
respectively, and three moods—the indicative, imperative, and potential. 
The first has no modal sign, the second neither modal nor temporal. The 
Subjunctive is marked by the modal sign ger. The order of construction in 
the Indicative, is first, the sign of the tense, then the pronoun, and lastly 
the verb ; except in the third person singular of each tense, where the 
pronoun is placed last. In the Dual and Plural, the pronouns va and tolu 
follow the verb. Thus, the Present is denoted by gua, as, gua te alu, I go; 
the Past by na, prefixed to all persons, except the first, where it is changed 
to ne and joined to the personal pronoun w, as, ne u alu, I went. (The 
second persons, all through, are shewn by the form ger, as, gu ger alu, thou 
goest, ete.) The Future is indicated by te, except in the third person, where 
