Vaux.—On the Probable Origin of the Maori Races. 51 
belongs to the first person, we are prepared to find it constantly joined to 
the oblique cases, as, in Marquesan, ua tuw mai Jesu Mesia, Jesus gave it to 
us. In Nukuhivan, apéa mai oé, answer me; tukw mai, give me ; mamut 
mai, follow me (Buschmann), in which latter case, it is equivalent to 
“here.” The simplest conception of atu, on the other hand, is that it 
belongs to the second person, as, in Marquesan, ¢ nonot atu au ia oé, I pray 
you. 
It is hardly necessary that I should prolong this paper by any detailed 
examination of the many other Particles in general use, whether as Adverbs 
or Prepositions, the more so that I could not presume to write a disquisi- 
tion on Polynesian Grammar, and have no object in view but to point out 
sufficient similarities or diversities among the different dialects to enable 
me to draw some conclusions as to the supposed or real connexion between - 
the existing inhabitants of these islands. For the same reason I abstain, 
altogether, from any discussion of questions of Syntax, which could not, 
indeed, be examined with any advantage without far more data than I at 
present possess. I may hope to do so some day. With regard to both 
adverbs and prepositions, I may, however, observe, that many of the most 
important have been incidentally noticed in earlier parts of the present 
essay. Generally, it may be said of the adverbs, that almost any word 
may become such, by the mere fact of being placed after the verb, but that 
a large number of them, as Dr. Maunsell has remarked, require some 
preposition to exhibit their application; many, also, are derived from 
words belonging to other parts of speech, while some are scarcely adverbs at 
all, in our sense of the word, but, rather, periphrases. Dr. Maunsell 
exhaustively groups them under the several heads of adverbs of time, 
place, order, quantity, quality, affirmation, negation, comparison, interroga- 
tion, and intensity, thus shewing that in these, as in other matters relating 
to grammar, Maori is much more rich than any of the other dialects. 
Perhaps, however, we are led to think so, in some degree, from the fact that 
the language of New Zealand has been more minutely and carefully 
studied than even Tahitian or Hawaiian. The latter, in its vocabulary, is 
considerably fuller. M. Buschmann points out that there area consider- 
able number of Polynesian words, which, by the use of prepositions, 
vibrate, as it were, between the substantive and the adverb ; thus, prec 
by prepositions, they express adverbs, but are, in fact, local and temporal 
prepositions ; sometimes, also, they have another preposition also following 
them. Thus, in Tahitian, roto (same in Maori; Tongan, loto ; Hawaiian, 
loko), as, i roko, within; i roto i, éi roto ta before a personal pronoun ; té 
roto i, in; mai roto mai, out of ; 7 roto pu é or ia, within, Again, ore—(not 
= 
