204 THE ANGEL-FISH. 



been captured at one haul of a .seine net, the destruction which it causes can he readily 

 imagined. Sometimes this fish assembles in large shoals, and then the fishermen avenge 

 themselves of their injuries, by shooting their nets around them, and capturing them by 

 boats' loads at a time. Their flesh is tolerably good, a useful oil is obtained plentifully from 

 the liver, while the refuse portions are most valuable as manure, and are strewed in unfragrant 

 richness over the fields, warning the nostrils at a considerable distance that the next year's 

 crop is likely to be successful, and that a nearer approach is undesirable except to the farmer 

 and the entomologist. 



The color of the Picked Dog-fish is slaty-gray above, diversified, when young, with a few 

 white spots, and the under parts are yellowish-white. The skin is rough if stroked from the 

 tail to the head, and smooth when rubbed in the reverse direction. The average length of 

 this species is about eighteen inches. It is illustrated, together with the Smooth Hound, on 

 page 200. 



The Greenland, or Northern Shark (DaldMas boredlis), must receive a brief notice, 

 as it is frequently mentioned in accounts of whaling voyages. 



This species is remarkable for the very small proportionate size of the fins, and for the 

 manner in which the points of the teeth diverge from the centre of the jaw. It is a great foe 

 to the whale and whalers, and is so heedless of danger when intent on satisfying its hunger, 

 that it will follow a, dead whale to the ship, mix boldly with the men who are engaged in cut- 

 ting the blubber, thrust its head boldly among them, and at every bite scoop out lumps as 

 large as a man's head. 



So deeply engaged is the creature in this interesting occupation, that even if a, man should 

 slip into the water from the smooth oily skin of the whale, the Greenland Sharks take no 

 notice of him, but continue their depredations on the whale. Even after the long whaling 

 knife has been thrust through its body, it will dart oil' for the moment on feeling the wound, 

 but will soon return to the same spot and continue its banquet. It also feeds on crustaceans 

 and small fishes. Many specimens are nearly if not wholly blinded by a parasitic animal tech- 

 nically called Lerncea elongata, some three inches in length, which fastens upon the corner 

 of the eye, and lives upon its fluids. 



The color of this species is brown with a shade of deep blue. Its length, when full-grown, 

 is about fourteen feet. 



Another curious species of Shark, called appropriately the Spinous Shark {Echino- 

 rhinus spinosus), is notable for the spine-topped bony tubercles which are scattered over the 

 surface of the l>ody. The greater number of these spinous projections are boldly hooked, in a 

 manner not unlike the thorns of the common bramble, and the points are directed backwards; 

 others, however, are quite straight and stand upright.' The object of these curious spines is 

 not clearly known. They are very small in proportion to the size of the fish, and it is said 

 that the males are more thickly studded with them than the females. 



The color is dark leaden gray on the head and back as far as the first dorsal fin, the 

 remainder being reddish -yellow with mottlings and cloudings of purple and brown. On the 

 abdomen are irregular spots of vermilion. The chin and sides of the mouth are white. 

 The average length of a full-grown specimen seems to lie about seven or eight feet. In most, 

 if not in all, of these creatures, the female is larger than the male, as is the case with the 

 birds of prey. 



The dark-skinned, wide-mouthed, leather-finned, and thorn-backed fish which is shown 

 in the illustration, is popularly known throughout many parts of Europe by the name of the 

 A.ngel-fish, a term singularly inappropriate except on the well-known principle "Incus a non 

 lucendo," or perchance as leaving the spectator the option of choosing the kind of angel which 

 the creature is thought to resemble. 



Sooth to say, it is as hideous a fish as is to be found in the waters, and from all accounts 

 is as unprepossessing to the inhabitants of the sea as to those of the land, being voracious to a 

 degree, anil attaining a size that can- . 's il to be a most formidable foe to the many fishes on 



