614 



VOMPHSDII'M OP Uh 



NERW DISTINCTIONS. 



Genus. II imadryas.— < Ine or two smooth teeth behind faiig. 

 Three pairs of large shields round occipitals. East Indian 

 Islands. 



Genus. Na.ia. — One or two smooth teeth behind fangs. N T eek 

 distensible into a hood. East Indies and Africa. 



Genus. Elaps.— No smooth teeth behind fang. Anal scale 

 not cleft. East Indies, Africa, and America. 



Family. DENDRASPIDJE.— Long and slender, abdomen flat. 

 Head squared and long, distinct from neck. Perforated fang 

 in front. Front tooth of lower jaw longest. 



Genus. Dendraspis. — As family. Africa. 



Family. ATRACTASPIDIDJE.— Body rounded, tail ending 

 with sharp conical spine. Head short and flat, not distinct from 

 neck. Perforated fangs in front of enormous length. 



Genus. AtraCTASPIR.— As family. Africa. 



Order. BATRACHIA.— Vertebrate animals, with naked skin 

 i very rarely with a few imbedded scales 1 . Neck not distinct, 

 ribs none or very short. Young subject to a metamorphosis. 

 Breathing mostly by lungs, sometimes by gills. 



Sub-Order. BATRACHIA SAL1ENTIA— Body short and 

 flattened; no tail. 



A. -Aglossa, or Tongueless Batrachians. 



Family. DACTYLETHRIDJE.— Teeth in jaws; toes webbed; 

 sacral vertebrae flattened; no paratoids {i.e. glands on sides of 

 head). 



Genus. DaCTYLETHBA. — As family. West and South Africa. 



Family. PIPIDJE. — Xo teeth in jaws; rest as last family. 



Genus. Pipa. — Head flat, triangular. Female with pouches 



on back. South America. 



/;. Opisthoglossae. — Batrachia with tongue adhering to the 

 front of the lower jaw, and free behind. 



Series. With cylindrical or tapering Angers. 



Section. With teeth in jaws; well-developed ear. 



Family. RANIDJE.— Toes webbed; processes of sacral verte- 

 brae cylindrical. No paratoids. 



Genus. Pseudis. — First finger opposite to three others. South 

 America. 



Genus. Tomofterna. — Toes half-webbed. Two bony pro- 

 cesses on lower jaw. Flattish spur on metatarsus. South 

 Africa. 



Genus. Rana. — Finger not opposite, tongue with deep notch 

 behind. Teeth on vomer, i.e. central ridge of palate, Every- 

 where. 



Germs. Ceratophrys. — Horn-like process over each eye. 



South America. 



Family. CYSTIGNATHIDiE.— Toes not webbed; no para- 

 toids. 



Genus. Cystigx'athds. — Two series of teeth on v ir. 



America and Australia. 



Family. DISCOGLOSSIDJE. — Toes webhed. Processes of 

 .sacral vertebrae wide. No paratoids. 



Genus. Discoglossur. — Teeth of vomer in straight row, 

 Tympanum or drums of ear hidden. Shores of Mediterranean. 



Family. ALYTIDJE. -Toes webbed. Processes of sacral 

 vertebrae wide. Paratoids. 



Genus. Alytes — Toes slightly webbed. Europe. 



Genus. Scaphiopus. — Toes completely webbed. North 

 America, 



Section, No teeth in jaws. Far perfectly developed. 



Family. BTJFONIDiE.— Toes webbed. Processes of sacral 

 vertebrae wide. Paratoids. 



Genus. Bufo. — Crown of head nearly flat, muzzle round or 



blunt, skin su th on sides. Paratoids large. Everywhere 



(except Australia . 



Series. Fingers widened. 



Section, Teeth in jaws. Ear perfect. 



Re 



( 



toes 



Family. POLYPEDATIDiE.— Toes webbed. Processes of 

 sacral vertebrae cylindrical. No paratoids. 



Genus. ACRIS. — Disks of toes small, web broad, Angers not 

 webbed. Tongue heart-shaped. North America. 



Family. HYLIDJE.— Processes of sacral vertebrae dilated. 

 •st as last family. 



Genus. Hyi.a. — Head with soft skin, Angers not opposed, 

 es all webbed. No pouch on back of female. Everywhere. 



Genus. Nototrema. — Female with pouch on back. Central 

 America. 



Genus. Trachycephalus. — Head bony above. No pouch. 

 West Indies. 



Family. PELODRYADiE.— Toes webbed.— Processes of sacral 



vertebra- dilated. Paratoids. 



Genus. Pelodryas. — As family. 



Family. PHYLLOMEDUSIDJE— Toes not webbed. Rest as 

 last family. 



Genus. Phyllomedusa. — As family. Australia. 



Section. No teeth in jaws. Ear perfect. 



Family. BRACHYMERIDJE.— Toes not webbed. Processes 

 of sacral vertebra' dilated. No paratoids. 



Genus. Brachymerus.— As family. South Africa. 



Family. HYLAPLESIDJS.-Toes not webbed. Processes of 

 sacral vertebrae cylindrical. 



Goats. Hyi.api.ksia. — As family. Tropical America. 



C. Proteroglossa. — Tongue free in front. 



Section. No teeth in jaw. Ear imperfect. 



Family. RHIN0PHRYNID.7E.— Toes webbed. Processes of 

 sacral vertebrae dilated. Paratoids. Muzzle truncated. 



Genus. Rhinofhrynus. — As family. Mexico. 



Sub-order. BATRACHIA GRADIENTIA.— Body long and 

 tailed. Limbs four, small, weak, and equal. <Jills seldem re- 

 tained through life. Teeth in jaws, often in palate. Ears hid- 

 den. Fibs distinct or rudimentary. Eggs isolated and oval. 

 Legs of larva developed nearly together. 



Family. SALAMANDRIDiE.— Teeth of palate in two longi- 

 tudinal scries. Tongue broad, 



Genus. S 



ai.amaxhra. — Back with scries of perforated warts. 

 Paratoids large and glandular. 



Genus. Triton. — Skin granular, a series of pores along part 



of sides. 



Genus. Lophinus. — Skin smooth. No pores. 



Family. PLETHODONTIDJE. —Teeth of palate in short series 

 across end of vomers. 



Genus. Onvciioiiaitylus. — Toes four or five, not webbed, 

 furnished with claws. Hind legs dilated. Japan. 



Genus. Ambylstoma. — Toes and Angers not clawed. Tongue 

 oblong. Tail keeled above, round below. North America. 



Order. PSEU DOSAU RIA. -Body long, tailed, lizard-like; 

 legs four, and rudimentary. (Jills internal and rudimentary, 

 their apertures permanent. 



