COMPENDIUM OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



617 



One dorsal, anal three-spined; ventrals under thorax, with one 

 spine and rive rays. 



Genus. Pagrus. — Teeth conical in front, double series of 

 upper molars. Canines. Most seas. 



Genus. Pagellus. — No canines; rest as Pagrus. Most seas. 



Genus. Chrysophrts. — Three or more series of upper molars. 

 Canines. Mediterranean. 



Family. SQUAMIPENNES.— Body much compressed and deep, 

 scaled. Lateral line continuous. Branchiostegals six — seven. 

 Teeth in broad or narrow bands, sometimes teeth on palate. 

 Dorsal three or four, spined; vertical fins covered with small 

 scales. Lower rays of pectorals branched; ventrals under tho- 

 rax, with one spine and five soft rays. All tropical species. 



Sub-family, Chsetodontinse. — No teeth on palate or vomer. 



Genus. Ch.etodon. — No praeopercular spine. Dorsal not 

 notched. Muzzle short. 



Genus. Chklmo.— Muzzle very long. 



Genus. Hbniochus. — Fourth dorsal spine very long. 



Genus. Holocaxthus. — Prseopereulum with strong spine, 

 dorsal with twelve to fifteen spines. 



Sub-family. Toxotina. — Teeth on palate. Dorsal fin on latter 

 half of back. 



Genus. Toxotes. — Dorsal with five spines. 



Family. CIRB.HITID.ffi.— Body with cycloid {i.e. circular) 

 scales; lateral line continuous. Branchiostegals three, five, or 

 six. Anal fin three-spined. Lower rays of pectorals simple. 

 Ventrals under thorax, one spine and five rays. Tropical and 

 warm seas. 



Genus. Cirrhites. — No teeth on palate; dorsal spines ten; 

 intermaxillary bone not notched. 



Family. TRIGLIDiE.— Cleft of mouth extending to sides of 

 muzzle, and partly vertical; eyes directed upward. Prseoper- 

 culum jointed to the sub-orbital ring. Two dorsals. Ventrals 

 under thorax. Branchiostegals five to seven. Most seas, espe- 

 cially the Northern. 



Group I. Body sealed or naked. 



Section I. Spinous dorsal developed as much as or more than 

 the soft and anal. 



Sub-family. Scorpaenina. — Anal fin short. 



Genus. Soorp.exa. — Body scaled. Occiput with a groove. 

 First dorsal with eleven spines, second with one spine and nine 

 or ten soft rays. Anal with three spines and five soft rays. 



Genus. Pterois. — Body sealed. Many spines and rays iso- 

 lated, rays branched. No pectoral appendages. Indian seas. 



Genus. Apistos. — One pectoral appendage. Red sea. 



Genus. Hemitripterus. — Scales rudimentary. Spinous dor- 

 sal, with deep notch in front. 



Genus. Syxaxceia. — Scales none. Head grotesque. No 

 teeth on vomer. One dorsal. Indian seas. 



Genus. Pei.or. — Scales none. Two pectoral appendages. 



Sub-family. Cottinas. — Spinous part of dorsal less developed 

 than soft part and anal. Body scaled or naked, or plated. 



Genus. Bi.epsias. — Head and body compressed; head with 

 tentacles, skin with prickles. Ventrals hardly visible. 



Genus. Cottus. — Head broad and flat. Scales, none. Dorsals 

 moderate. No palatine teeth. 



Genus. Pi.ATYCUPiiAi.cs.— Head very broad. Ventrals under 

 thorax, and behind root of pectorals. First dorsal spine short 

 and separate . 



Genus. Ti;i m. \ . — Pectoral appendages three. No palatine 

 teeth. Scales very small. 

 Vui- Ill -78 



Sub-family. Cataphracti. — Body covered with bony plates. 

 Genus. Aguxus. — Two dorsals, pectorals moderate; no pec- 

 toral appendages. 



Genus, Peristethus. — Two pectoral appendages. 



Genus. Dactylopterus. — Pectorals very large and used for 

 flight. 



Family. TRACHINID.ffi.— Body long, naked, or sealed. 

 Teeth in bands, no molars or cutting teeth. Spinous portion of 

 dorsal less developed than the soft portion; ventrals witli one 

 spine and five rays. Gill opening under, branchio-stegals five 

 to seven. . 



Genus. Uraxoscopus. — Eyes on upper part of head; lateral 

 line continuous. Dorsals two. Mediterranean. 



Genus. Trachinus. — Eyes lateral. Head not ouirassed. 

 Lateral line continuous. Cleft of mouth oblique. Two dorsals, 

 ventrals under throat. Teeth on palate. 



Genus. Sii.lago. — No palatine teeth. Ventrals under thorax. 

 Rest as Trachinus. 



Genus. PERCorms. — Cleft of mouth horizontal, lower jaw 

 projecting. Dorsals two, ventrals under throat. Palatine teeth, 

 canines strong. Brazil. 



Family. SCIiENIDiE. — Body compressed and long. Scales 

 ctenoid. Lateral line continuous. Branchiostegals seven. 

 Teeth in bands, none on palate; no cutting teeth or molars. 

 Two dorsals, the soft one more developed than the spinous or 

 the anal; anal two-spined. Pectoral rays branched. 



Genus. Pogomas. — Chin with many small barbels. North 

 America. 



Genus. Eqi'es. — No barbels. Dorsal ami tail tins scaly, first 

 dorsal much elevated. Atlantic. 



Genus. Sci.exa. — No barbels. Dorsal not scaly. Upper jaw 

 equal to or larger than lower. Anal spines weak. Many seas. 



Genus. CoEVINA. — No barbels. Anal spines strong. Rest' 

 Scisena. Mediterranean. 



Genus. Otolithus. — No barbels. Lower jaw longest. Ca- 

 nines conical. North America. 



Family. POLYNEMIDJE.— Lateral line continuous, extends 

 along tail. Mouth under snout. Branchiostegals seven. Dor- 

 sals two; second dorsal, anal, and tail-tin covered with minute 

 scales. Several thread-like appendages below pectorals. Ven- 

 trals under breast, one spine, five rays. 



Genus. POLTNEMUS. — Teeth on vomer; anal fin equals soft 

 dorsal. Tropical seas. 



Family. SPHYRffiNID.ffi.— Scales small and cycloid. Mouth 

 wide, teeth strong. Branchiostegals seven. Two dorsals; ven- 

 trals on abdomen. 



Genus. Sphyr.exa. — As family. Temperate and tropical 

 seas. . 



Family. TRICHIURIDJE.— Body long and compressed. Both 

 portions of dorsal and anal very long and with many rays. Tail 

 often with tinlets. 



Genus. LEFIDOPOS. — Ventrals wanting or very small. One 

 dorsal; tail-fin distinct. Mediterranean, Ac. 



Genus. TriCHIURUS. — Tail tapering, without a fin. Atlantic. 



Genus. Thyrsttes. — Two to six Unlets. Teeth in palate. 

 South Africa, Australia. 



Family. SCOMBRIDJE.— Body naked or sealed. Spinous 

 part of dorsal less developed than soft or anal, sometimes want 

 iug. Soft dorsal and anal often divided into (inlets. 



Sub-family. Scombarina. — Spinous portion of dorsal separate. 

 Body oblong, naked, or with very small scales. 



Genus. ScoMnEK. — Finlets five or six. Scales equal over 

 body. Many seas. 



