HIS 



COMI'KXDir.V OF GENERIC DISTINCTIONS. 



Gams, Thynsus. Finlets six to nine. Scales of breast 

 forming a corslet. Tail keeled on each side. Teeth on vomer 

 and palate. Mediterranean, Atlantic, Ac. 



Genus. Pelamys. — Finlets seven to nine. Teeth on palate, 

 not on vomer. Mediterranean, Atlantic. 



Genus. Auxis. — Finlets seven to nine. No teeth <>n palate. 

 Mediterranean. &c. 



Genus. Naucrates. — Finlets nunc. First dorsal only a few- 

 free spines. Tail keeled. Many seas. 



Genus. Echeneis. — Spinous dorsal transformed into sucking 

 Uisc on head. Many warm seas. 



Sub-family. Cyttina. — Dorsal divided, spinous part less de- 

 veloped than the soft. Body very deep, scaled or shielded. 



Genus. Zeus. — Bony plates along liases of dorsal and anal 

 fins. Many seas. 



Sub-family. Coryphsmdse. — One long dorsal. No teeth in 

 gullet. 



Genus. Coryph.ena. — Ventrals under thorox. Dorsal long, 

 beginning on head. Scales very small. Warm seas. 



Genus. Pteraclis. — Ventrals under throat, with four rays. 

 Dorsal beginning ou forehead. Warmer seas. 



Genus. Lampkis. — Ventral fins with many rays. Temperate 

 seas. 



Family. CARANGIDJE — Separated from the preceding family 

 on account of the number of vertebrae, which are ten in the ab- 

 domen and fourteen in the tail, those of the Seomberidae exceed- 

 ing that number. 



Sub-family. Carangina. — The soft dorsal tin and anal of 

 nearly equal extent. 



Genus. TRACHURUS. — Lateral line covered with shields. 

 Many seas. 



Genus. Caraxx. — Lateral line partly smooth. Prseoper- 

 culum toothed. Many seas. 



Family. XIPHIIDJE. -Body rather long. Teeth none, or mi- 

 nute. Upper jaw long and sword shaped. Ventrals absent or 

 rudimentary. Branchiostegals seven. 



Genus. Xiphias. — Ventral tins wanting. Warm seas. 



Genus. HiSTiopHciRts. — Ventral fins present. Warm seas. 



Family. GOBIIDM.— Body long. Teeth mostly small. Spi- 

 nous portion of dorsal flexible and less developed than soft part. 

 Anal as soft dorsal. Ventrals with one spine and five rays, 

 sometimes united into a disc. 



Sub-family. Gobiina. — Ventrals united into a disc. Two 



dorsals. 



Genus. GOBIUS. — Ventrals not adherent to abdomen. Body 

 sealed. Teeth conical and fixed. Many seas. 



Sub-family. Callionymina. — Ventrals separate. Two dorsals. 



Genus. Callioxymus. — One small gill opening on either 

 side. Prseoperculum armed. No single ventral ray. 



Genus. Batrachus.— Head broad and flat. Spinous dorsal 

 represented by three strong spines. Many seas. 



Family. PEDICULATI.— Head and front of body very large. 

 No scales. Carpal bones prolonged into a pectoral anus. 



Genus. Lopuius. — Head flat. Six dorsal spines, three on the 

 head and isolated. Temperate seas. 



Genus. Axtenx.vru's. — Three isolated dorsal spines. Head 

 compressed. Warm seas. 



Family. BLENNIIDJE — Body long, low, cylindrical, naked 

 or small scaled. Dorsals occupying nearly whole of back; anal 

 long; ventrals under throat, composed of a few rays, and some- 

 times absent. 



Genus. Anarrhichas. — Molar teeth; tail-tin separate. Tem- 

 perate seas. 



Genus. Bi.exnics. — No molars. Spinous and soft parts of 

 dorsal fin nearly equal. Body naked. Single series of im- 

 moveable teeth in jaws. Many seas. 



Genus. Salarias. — Series of small moveable teeth in gums. 

 Tropical seas. 



Genus. Centronotus. — Ventrals none or very small; scales 

 small; no lateral line. No anal spine. Gill membranes united 

 below throat. Temperate seas. 



Genus, ZoARCES.— No tail-tin. Temperate seas. 



Family. TRACHYPTERIDJE — Body long, much compressed, 

 and naked. One dorsal occupying whole of back, and sup- 

 ported by flexible but non-jointed rays. No anal tin, and tail- 

 fin not in line with axis of fish. 



Genus. TitACHYi'TERi's.— Ventrals large. Warm and tem- 

 perate seas. 



Genus. REOALECCS. — Ventrals reduced to long filaments. 



Fa, nihi. ACANTHURID5:. -Body compressed. Lateral line 

 continuous. Mostly spines on sides of tail. Single, series of 

 flatfish teeth in each jaw, One dorsal; anal with either two or 

 three spines. All tropical fishes. 



Genus. ACANTHURUS. — Scales minute; moveable spine each 

 side of tail. 



Genus. Nisei's. — Ventral with three soft rays. Immoveable 

 plates on sides of tail. 



Family. LABYRINTHICI.— Body rather compressed; scales 

 moderate. Head also scaled. Lateral line absent or broken. 

 Bony laminated organ in a cavity above the gills. Fresh 

 waters of East Indies and South Africa. 



Genus. Ana has. — Teeth on vomer, none on palate. 



Family. ATHERINIDiE. -Body long, scaled; lateral line in- 

 distinct. Mouth moderate; tietli weak. Branchiostegals live 

 — six. Two dorsals. Ventrals on abdomen; one spine, five 

 rays. Vertebras very numerous. 



Genus. Atherina. — Scales cycloid. First dorsal separate 

 from second. Snout blunt; cleft of mouth straight and oblique, 

 j Warm ami temperate seas. 



Family. DISCOBOLI. -Body thick, surface naked or with I Family. MUGILIDiE.— Body oblong, compressed; no lateral 



tubercles. Teeth small. Ventrals with one spine and five 

 small rays surrounded by fleshy disc. 



Sub-family. Cyelopterina. — Two dorsals. Twelve abdominal, 

 sixteen tail vertebrae. 



Genus. ( Iyclopterus. — As sub-family. Temperate seas. 



Sub-family. Liparidina. — line dorsal. Twelve abdominal. 

 thirty tail vertebrae. 



Genus. Liparis. — As sub-family. Temperate seas. 



Family. BATRACHIDJE. -Body short and wide. Teeth coni- 

 cal and small. Spinous dorsal very short, soft, and anal long. 

 Ventrals under throat. 



P' 



line; scales cycloid. Cleft of mouth narrow; teeth none, or 

 feeble. Branchiostegals five -six. Dorsals two, short, first 

 with four stiff spines. Ventrals on abdomen, one spine and 

 five rays. Twenty-four vertebrae. 



Genus. Mogimjs. — No true teeth in jaws. Warm and tem- 

 perate seas. 



Family. OPHIOCEPHALIDiE. -Body long; head flattened. 

 and with shield-like scales above. Teeth in jaws and on 

 palate. A cavity for water, opening on the gills. One long 

 dorsal and anal, not spined. Many vertelme. 



Genus. Ophiocephaiajr. — With ventral fins. Fresh waters 

 j of Last Indies. 



