80 Cyperacece. yupocarpha. 



in capitate, axillary, sessile or peduncled, simple or lobed 

 clusters \—\ in. diam., pale brown, lowest glumes larger, empty,, 

 with a broad membranous blade and longer awn, rhachilla 

 hardly any; bracts at the base of the clusters like large 

 glumes, within which are a few very short broad hyaline ciliate 

 scales unlike either the bracts or glumes ; glumes few, persistent 

 on the rhachilla, at length hardened, T V in. long, obovate,. 

 cymbiform, hispidly hairy, stoutly 5-veined, keel of 2 very- 

 strong veins meeting in a straight or recurved scabrid cusp 

 half as long as the glume; hypogynous scales quadrate, upper 

 margin thickened, ciliate, retuse with a scabrid awn ; nut 

 To~-so m - l° n g. stipitate, trapezoidly trigonous, beaked, angles 

 acute, smooth, pale, style longer than the nut. 



Paddy fields and wet places ; very common. Fl. Dec, July. 

 Southern India. 



Differs remarkably from F. glomerata in the very short spikelets, with 

 the glumes persistent on the hardly distinguishable rhachilla. 



3. F. umbellata, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. 70 (1773). 



F. penlagona, Nees in Wight, Contrib. 93. F. uncinata, Thw. Enunu 

 347 (nan Kunth). C. P. 3229, 3330. 



Fl. B. Ind. vi. 666. Rottb. 1. c. t. 19, f. 3. 



Perennial, rootstock hard, stoloniferous or shortly creeping 

 with filiform root-fibres; stem 1-4 ft., stout or slender, ribbed, 

 nearly glabrous, except at the tomentose infl. ; 1. very variable,. 

 6-12 in., up to § in. broad, linear-lanceolate, obtusely acumi- 

 nate, 3-5-veined, glabrous or ciliate towards the base, margins 

 smooth or nearly so, sheaths long, closed, mouth with a 

 ciliolate brown ligule ; spikelets \-\ in., ovoid or oblong,, 

 sessile, crowded in simple or compound axillary peduncled 

 and terminal, sometimes subpanicled clusters ^-1 in. diam. r 

 dark brown, ped. tomentose or villous, rhachilla slender ; 

 bracts under the clusters short, cuspidate; glumes closely 

 imbricate, at length deciduous, \ in. long, membranous,, 

 broadly obovoid, retuse or 2-lobed, glabrous or puberulous 

 and ciliate, keel stout, of 3 veins meeting in a scabrid stout 

 cusp half as long as the glume; scales obovate-quadrate,. 

 upper margin thickened, cuspidate ; stam. 3, anth. rather 

 stout, apiculate; nut ys~ti m -> stipitate, trapezoidly trigonous, 

 long-beaked, angles acute, obscurely 3-ribbed dorsally, smooth,, 

 pale, style as long as the nut. 



Wet places and paddy fields ; common. Fl. Sept., Feb., March. 



All hot, moist countries. 



11. LIPOCARPHA, Br. 



Glabrous, erect herbs ; stem slender, leafy towards the base- 

 only; 1. very narrow, gradually passing into the open sheath;. 



