Characters of the Orders. 337 



§ 1. Ov. apocarp. Fl. regular, bisexual, except in Menispermacece. 

 See also Malvacecs. 



I. Ranunculace^e. — Sep. deciduous, often coloured. Pet. 5, or 

 many, or o. Stam. indef. Carp, many, i-ovuled. Seeds without an 

 aril; endosp. copious. — Climbing shrubs, with opp. 1., or herbs with alt. 1.; 

 stip. o. i. i. 



II. Dilleniace^e. — Sep. 5, deciduous, imbric. Pet. 4-5. Stam. 

 indef., distinct or in bundles. Carp, few or many, few- or many-ovuled. 

 Seeds arillate (except Dillenia); endosp. fleshy. — Trees, shrubs, or herbs; 

 I. alt. or radical, simple or pinnatisect. i. 5. 



III. Magnoliace^e. — Sep. and pet. not distinguished, 9-12, imbricate 

 in several series. Stam. indef., distinct or combined. Carp, indef., 

 imbricate, each 2-4-ovuled. Fr. of follicles ; endosp. copious. — Trees or 

 climbing shrubs; 1. alt, simple, entire, stipulate, i. 14. 



IV. Anonace/e. — Sep. 3, sometimes connate, usually valvate. Pet. 6. 

 biseriate, distinct, or inner connate. Stam. def. or indef., connective 

 prolonged. Carp, many, few, or 1, i-many-ovuled. Seeds large; endosp. 

 ruminate. — Trees or shrubs; 1 alt., simple, entire; stip. o. i. 16. 



V. Menispermace^e. — Fl. dioecious. Sep. and pet. 6 each, rarely 



5, 4, 1. Male fl. : — Stam. 6, biseriate, opp. pet.; fem. fl. : — staminodes 6 

 or o. Carp. 3-6 (or 12 or 1), i-ovuled; style lat. or basal. Fr. of drupes. 

 Seed hooked ; cotyled. narrow, flat. — Twining shrubs or herbs ; 1. alt., 

 simple, entire ; stip. o. i. y], 



VI. Berberide^e. — Sep. and pet. 6 each, biseriate, imbricate. Stam. 



6, opp. pet., anth. opening by valves. Carp. 1, few-ovuled. Fr. fleshy ; 

 endosp. copious, cotyled. flat. — Shrubs ; 1. simple, or represented by 

 3-partite spines, i. 48. 



VII. Nympieeace^e. — Sep. 4-5, distinct. Pet. many, many-seriate, 

 imbricate. Stam. very many. Carp, many, in pits of the torus, or con- 

 fluent with the torus in a many-celled ov., cells 1- or more-ovuled. Fr. a 

 spongy berry, or of nuts in the pits of a turbinate torus. — Aquatic herbs ; 



1. large, simple, peltate, i. 49. 



§ 2. Ov. syncarp., i-celled or 2-celled in Polygalacece, placent. pariet, 

 sometimes meeting and forming a 2- or more -celled fr. See also 

 Ternstroemiacece. 



VIII. Crucifer^e. — Sep. 4, imbricate. Pet. 4 or o. Stam. 6, 4, 2, if 

 6, 4 inner longest, in pairs. Ov. 2-celled by a membrane from the placent. ; 

 ovules few or many. Fr. a 2-valved pod. Endosp. o ; cotyled. flattened, 

 radical up-curved.— Herbs ; 1. alt.; stip. o. i. 52. 



IX. — Capparide^e. — Sep. 4, pet. 4 or 2. Stam. 4, 6, or indef., on the 

 base or sides of the torus. Disk hornlike in Cadaba. Ov. i-celled, 

 usually elevated on the torus, placent. 4-6. Fr. capsular or indehisc. 

 Embryo curved ; endosperm o. — Trees, herbs, or shrubs ; 1. alt., simple 

 or compound, i. 54. 



X. VlOLACE^E. — Fl. regular or not. Sep. 5, imbricate, persistent. 

 Pet. 5, equal or unequal. Stam. 5, anth. of 2 spurred. Disk in Alsodeia. 

 Ov. i-celled; placent. 3, few- or many-ovuled. Caps. 3-valved. — Herbs, 

 shrubs, or trees; 1. alt., stipulate, i. 65. 



XI. Bixace^e.— Fl. uni- or bi-sexual. Sep. 4-8. Pet. 4-6 or o, 

 imbric. or contort. Ov. 1 -celled, placent. 3-7, sometimes meeting, 1- or 



PART V. z 



