350 Characters of the Orders. 



embryo straight, in fleshy endosp. — Tree parasites, branches sometimes 

 articulate ; 1. opp. or alt., entire, or o ; stip. o ; infl. various, iii. 462. 



CXVIII. SANTALACEyE. — Fl. small, polygam. Cal. sup., segm. of 

 limb 3, with a tuft of hairs on the face, valvate. Stam. 3 or 5, opp. 

 perianth-segm. Ov. 1 -celled'; ovules 2 or 3, on free central placent. 

 Fr. indehisc. Embryo axile in fleshy endosp. — Trees or shrubs; 1. alt., 

 entire ; stip. o ; fl. axillary, iii. 474. 



CXIX. BALANOPHORACE^E. — Fl. unisex. ; male : — perianth-tube solid ; 

 segm. 3-5, valvate; stam. 3-5, connate; fem. fl. minute; perianth o; 

 ov. 1 -celled, narrowed into a long simple style; ovule 1, adherent to 

 pericarp. Fr. a minute achene. Embryo of 2-3 cells immersed in 

 endosperm. — Stout, fleshy, leafless, brown root-parasites; infl. a cone- 

 like monoecious spadix with the male fl. below, or dioecious ; fl. mixed 

 with densely crowded clavate bodies, iii. 477. 



§ 7. Fl. unisex., very rarely polygam. Ov. of 1 carp, or syncarp.,. 

 cells 1- or 2-ovuled; ovules if 2 collateral; styles as many as carpels. 



CXX. EuPHORBlACEiE. — Perianth inf., rarely o in one or both sexes, 

 single or rarely of cal. and pet. Disk often present. Stam. 1, few, or 

 many. Ov. 1-2- or 3-celled, cells 1-2-ovuled; ovules pendulous. Fr. of 

 2-3 loculicidal cocci, or a drupe or berry ; cotyled. flat or folded, endosp. 

 fleshy, very rarely o. — Herbs, shrubs, or trees; juice often milky; 1. alt., 

 simple, rarely opp. or compound, usually stipulate; infl. various, iv. 1. 



CXX I. Urticace^e. — Fl. unisex. Perianth inf., lobed or partite. 

 Stam. as many and opp. perianth divisions or fewer, fll. erect or incurved 

 in bud. Ov. 1 -celled, i-ovuled; style simple or bifid, or stigma sessile, 

 plumose. Fr. a samara, drupe, or achene, or a syncarp of confluent peri- 

 carps and perianths. Seed erect or pendulous ; endosp. scanty or o. — 

 Herbs, shrubs, or trees, juice sometimes milky ; 1. often oblique, rarely 

 opp. or compound, stipulate ; infl. various ; fl. small or minute, often 

 sunk in a fleshy disk, or enclosed in a fleshy receptacle, iv. 78. 



Order of doubtful affinity. 



CXXII. CERATOPHYLLACEiE. — Fl. moncec; male: — sep. 6-12, narrow, 

 bifid, subvalvate in bud; stam. 10-20; anth. oblong, cells opening 

 extrorsely, connective bicuspidate ; fem. fl.: — sep. of male; ov. ovoid, 

 i-celled, style subulate, persist.; ovule 1, pendulous. Fr. a compressed, 

 coriaceous achene, margins with 1 or 2 slender spines; cotyled. thick, 

 radicle short, plumule many-leaved. — Submerged fresh-water herbs ; 

 stem very slender, much branched, fragile ; 1. whorled, cleft into filiform 

 toothed segments, iv. 120. 



Class II.— GYMNOSPERMS (Order cxxm.) 



CXXII I. Cycade^e. — Infl. dioecious, male a peduncled woolly cone 

 of imbricate cuneate scales with many groups of globose anth. on its 

 lower face ; fem. a whorl of long spreading woolly toothed carpophylls, 

 bearing naked orthotropous ovules. Seeds large, testa thinly fleshy, 

 crustaceous within ; endosp. copious ; embryo small, axile. — Small trees, 

 trunk stout, cylindric, clothed with compacted bases of petioles ; 1. in a 

 terminal crown, dimorphic, of woolly lanceolate prophylla, and long 

 petioled, pinnate true 1., with alternate coriaceous narrow pinnules, 

 circinnate in vernation, iv. 121. 



