Characters of the Orders. 353 



tases of the segm.; fil. filiform, anth. erect. Ov. 3-celled; cells i-ovuled; 

 style short, 3-cleft, or stigmas sessile. Fr. small, globose, indehisc, 3- 

 celled or with 1-2 pyrenes. Seeds various; endosp. floury; embryo 

 minute. — Tall, erect, or climbing (by leaf-tendrils), leafy perennials ; 1. 

 alt., base or petiole sheathing; infl. panicled. iv. 316. 



CXXXVIII. Juncace^e. — Perianth inf., 6-partite in 2 series, persist; 

 segm. narrow, thin or coriaceous. Stam. 3 or 6, on the bases of the 

 segm. ; anth. erect, basifixed. Ov. 1- or 3-celled, many-ovuled; stigmas 3. 

 Caps. 1-3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved. Seeds many, erect; endosp. 

 hard; embryo small. — Stems tufted, erect; 1. terete or compressed, 

 sheathing or reduced to sheaths ; fl. in axillary or terminal cymes, green 

 or brown, iv. 318. 



CXXXIX. PalmE/E. — Fl. uni- or bi-sex. Perianth, inf., 6-partite or 

 lobed in 2 series, coriaceous, rarely herbaceous, inner series usually 

 valvate. Stam. 3 or 6, rarely more, on the base of the perianth ; 

 anth. versatile. Ov. 1-3-celled, or of 3 distinct or connate carps., cells 

 1-2-ovuled. Fr. various, never capsular. — Shrubs or trees, armed or not. 

 Stem erect, scandent, or decumbent; 1. alt., variously compound, very 

 rarely simple, often pinnate or palmatisect ; infl. various, at first enclosed 

 in a woody or coriaceous spathe ; fl. usually small or minute, green or 

 yellowish, rarely red. iv. 319. 



Series V. Nudiflorse. — Perianth o, or of scales or bristles. 



Ov. sup., i-celled, or syncarp. Seeds usually endospermous. 



* Infl. enclosed in a {sometimes imperfect) spathe j trees, shrubs, or herbs. 



CXL. Pandanace^e. — Fl. dioecious. Perianth o. Male fl. : — stam. 

 many, fascicled or spicate on the spadix ; fil. distinct or connate ; anth. 

 erect, basifixed ; pistillode o or minute. Fem. fl. : — staminodes minute 

 or o ; carp, sessile, distinct or connate in bundles ; ovules solitary, or many 

 pariet., stigmas sessile or subsessile. Fr. an oblong or globose dry or 

 fleshy syncarp. — Trees or shrubs, erect or scandent; 1. usually trifarious, 

 margins and keel spinous; spadix globose or cylindric; spathes im- 

 bricating, iv. 338. 



CXL I. Typhace.e. — Perianth o. Fl. monoecious, crowded in uni- 

 sexual dense catkin-like cylindric spikes, mixed with capillary hairs ; 

 Male fl. : — stam. solitary or fascicled, fil. capillary, anth. basifixed, erect, 

 2-celled. Fem. fl. : — a capillary fil. bearing a minute narrow i-ovuled 

 ov. narrowed into a capillary style with a linear stigma. Fr. a minute 

 achene. Seed pendulous; endosp. floury; embryo cylindric. — Marsh- or 

 water-herbs; rootstock perennial, stout; 1. linear, erect, biconvex ; spathe 

 imperfect, iv. 342. 



CXLII. ARACEiE. — Fl. small or minute, unisexual, usually on bisexual 

 spadix with the fem. fl. below, rarely bisexual. Perianth o or of scales. 

 Male fl.: — anth. 2-4-celled, distinct or connate. Fem. fl. : — ov. sessile, 

 1-3-celled, cells 1- or more-ovuled. Fr. a 1- or few-seeded berry; embryo 

 small, in copious endosp. or macropodous, and endosp. o. — Terrestrial or 

 aquatic herbs with radical 1., or suffruticose climbers ; 1. various ; spathe 

 herbaceous, convolute. 



* Fl. solitary or binate, sunk in the sides or surface of small or 

 minute flooding le7iticular or globose fronds. 



CXLII I. Lemnace^e. — Small or minute, gregarious, floating, monoe- 

 cious, scale-like, green fronds. Fl. few, most minute, in fissures of the 

 PART V. A A 



