368 History of Ceylon Botany. 



volumes ' in forma atlantica .... sine ullo plane ordine, prout 

 forte ad manus venerant.' * Hermann also had about four hundred 

 drawings of plants executed in Ceylon, f On the death of Syen in 

 1678, Hermann was elected to the Leyden chair, Peter Hotton % 

 acting as locum tenens until his return to Europe in August, 1680. 



Hermann introduced into the Leyden Botanical Garden more 

 than twice as many plants as his predecessors, Bontius, Clutins, 

 Pavius, Clusins, Vorstins, Schuylins, and Syen, had done in a 

 century, rendering it the richest of the age. § He built hot-houses, 

 established a museum, and visited Germany, France, and England 

 for plants. Possibly while in England he made the acquaintance 

 of that ' Maecenas of his day,' Dr. Richard Richardson, a letter to 

 whom from him, dated Leyden, 14 December, 1690, is printed in 

 Dawson Turner's privately printed ' Correspondence of Richard 

 Richardson' (Yarmouth, 1835). 



Hermann arranged the Leyden garden systematically according 

 to Morison's system, with modifications ' which can scarcely be 

 called an improvement upon it,'|| including, for instance, Malva 

 and Fumaria in his primary division of ' Gymnosperms.' This 

 system he propounded in ' Flora Lugduno-Batavse flores, sive 

 enumeratio stirpium horti Lugduno-Batavi methodo naturae vestigiis 

 insistente dispositarum,' Leyden, 1690, pp. 267, published under 

 the name of Lothar. Zumbach, but undoubtedly Hermann's work, 

 as is testified by Sherard,U Linnaeus,** Haller, Sprengel, Pritzel, &c. 

 Hermann's classification was defended by his pupil Olans Rudbeck 

 the younger, ft The only work published by Hermann under his 

 own name during his lifetime was ' Horti academici Lugduno- 

 Batavi catalogus .... quibus ab anno 1681 ad 1686 hortus fuit 

 instructus, .... a nemine hucusque editarum,' Leyden, 1687, 

 pp. 699, 8vo, with copperplate illustrations. A few brief descrip- 

 tions in this work, with reduced copies of some of the drawings 

 made in Ceylon, is all that he himself printed on Ceylon botany. 

 In 1689 William Sherard %% published at Amsterdam his 'Schola 

 Botanica,' pp. 390, i2mo, which the British Museum authorities 

 catalogue under Pitton de Tournefort, and Pulteney and Pritzel 

 attribute to a mythical Samuel Wharton or Warton. Its title runs : 



* 'Flora Zeylanica,' pref., p. 17, and ' Musaeum Zeylanicum,' pref. 



\ ' Flora Zeylanica,' pref. 



X Born at Amsterdam in 1648, this botanist, one of the correspondents of John 

 Ray, succeeded Hermann in 1695, and died in 1709. 



§ C. Sprengel, ' Historia Rei Herbarise,' vol. ii. p. 42. 



|| J. Sachs, ' History of Botany ' (Eng. ed.), p. 68. 



IT ' Paradisus Batavus,' 1698, preface. 



** ' Flora Zeylanica,' "Autores." 



++ C. Sprengel, op. cit., p. 44. 



XX William Sherard, styled by Boerhaave 'vir scientist prsestantissimus,' and by 

 Sibthorp, ' botanicorum istius cevi facile princeps,' the pupil of Tournefort, friend of 

 Vaillant, Hermann, Ray, and Sloane, patron of Catesby and Dillenius, and founder of 

 the chair that bears his name at Oxford, was born at Bushby, Leicestershire, and died 

 in London in 1728. A full account of his life, by Mr. B. D. Jackson, appears in the 

 ' Journal of Botany ' for 1894, p. 129. 



