THE BOTANY OF BERMUDA. 43 
importation of seeds for agricultural and horticultural purposes for two 
centuries and a half accounts for a great number of chance species, es- 
pecially the importation of hay from America. 
The species which may also be said to be naturalized, but were orig- 
inally introduced, designedly for cultivation or ornament, whose pres- 
ence is, therefore, due to direct human agency, more or less traceable, 
and which cannot in any sense be regarded as native, 414 in number, 
are distinguished by the letter C. 
Lastly, there remains a large and fluctuating class of plants, of hor- 
ticultural but not botanical interest, which are found here and there 
under cultivation, but have no proper place in the local flora. They 
are inserted in the catalogue to complete the view of the vegeta- 
tion of Bermuda, as related to climate, and as it presents itself to the 
visitor. These names, 215 in number, are printed in Italics. Many of 
them date no further back than the writer’s term of residence at Gov- 
ernment House, where one of his first acts was to import a professed 
gardener, Mr. Michael Middleton, and a skilled laborer, George Payne, 
from Kew. They arrived in November, 1871, and from that time to the 
end of 1876, few months passed without the introduction and trial of 
new plants. Under a friendly rivalry, many more were at the same 
time brought up from the West Indies to Clarence House, by successive 
naval commanders-in-chief, especially by Admiral Sir Cooper Key, who 
followed the governor’s example in erecting a conservatory. The 
present governor, Sir Robert Laffan, has long been known for a taste 
for horticulture. The garden proper at Mount Langton is, unfortu- 
nately, of very limited extent, and of a light, poor soil, possessing only 
the advantage of abundant water. The grounds are extensive, but 
made up of hills and slopes, thinly clothed with soil, much exposed to 
northerly winds, and offering very few spots favorable for planting. It 
adds not a little to practical difficulties that cartage is rendered tedi- 
ous and laborious by the distribution of the premises. All this not- 
withstanding, much was done in the years 1871~76 to extend the flora 
of the island, and a considerable amount of horticultural experience 
gained, which should not be thrown away. The social circumstances 
of Bermuda are peculiar. The resident gentry are too few in number 
to keep up a corps of professional gardeners; the colored native labor- 
ers are rarely intelligent enough for the trade, do not appear to have 
much natural taste for flowers, although somewhat given to depreda- 
tions in gardens, and have had very little opportunity of learning. It 
