DETAILS OF SECTIONS. 15 



Chicopee, at the foot of South Hadley Falls, to the high, sandy plain which extends 

 easterly and southerly through South Hadley, Granby, Springfield, &c. This plain 

 is a little short of two hundred feet above the river, and two hundred and seventy- 

 four above the ocean. It is essentially composed of sand, and I think that it sinks 

 as we go south. East of this plain we strike beds of gravel, with irregular eleva- 

 tions and depressions. Above these are accumulations of coarse materials, once 

 beaches probably, but I have not measured their height. I am sure they may be 

 found at different altitudes, even to the top of the hills lying east of this part of 

 the Connecticut Valley and the ocean, as high as one thousand feet. 



3. In Springfield, a little north of the centre of the city, and running from the 

 river southeasterly, so as to cross the principal terraces in that place. The third 

 terrace is the isolated remnant of one, probably of the same height as the first one 

 we meet in ascending from the main street eastward, on which so many delightful 

 residences have been chosen by the citizens. The intervening space, as shown on 

 the section, was probably worn out by Connecticut river, which might formerly 

 have run there, when at a higher level, or at least, a part of it. The terrace 

 marked as one hundred and thirty-six feet above the river, is that on which the 

 United States Armory is situated. I did not actually level to the top of these two 

 right hand terraces ; but have no doubt that their height is nearly as given in the 

 section. 



4. In the extreme northern part of Long Meadow, on the road to Springfield, 

 commencing at the river, and running southeasterly to the level of the plain on 

 which most of Long Meadow, and the higher part of Springfield, are situated. 

 This upper terrace extends, with some irregularity of surface, eastward about nine 

 miles to the railroad station in Wilbraham on the Western Railroad. Northward 

 it reaches the foot of Holyoke in South Hadley, though broken by several streams. 

 To the south, it reaches a ridge of sandstone, commencing at Enfield Falls in Con- 

 necticut, and extending easterly to the hypogene rocks of Monson and Stafford; 

 though there may be places where the terraces overlie the sandstone, so as to con- 

 nect with the upper terrace south of Enfield, that extends as far as Glastenbury. 

 (See Terrace No. 2, Plate III.) 



5. In East Windsor, commencing at the Connecticut river, and extending east- 

 erly to the broad plain, on which stands the Theological Seminary, past which the 

 section runs. 



6. In East Hartford, from Connecticut river, at the south part of the village, 

 to the sandy plain a little eastward. This plain I have supposed to be the same 

 as the upper terrace of all the previous sections. If so, it slopes southerly as 

 follows, in a distance of forty or fifty miles, viz : at South Hadley (Mt. Holyoke) 

 it is 292 feet above the ocean; at Willimansett, 268 feet; at Springfield and 

 Longmeadow, 200 feet; at East Windsor, 96 feet; and at' East Hartford, 61 feet. 

 But this point demands more careful examination than I have given it. 



7. In Glastenbury, south part of the town. Then the valley becomes narrower, 

 and, indeed, Eocky Hill, a trap bluff, appears on the west side of the river ; and 

 we may regard these as gorge terraces, such as form on the up-stream side of a 

 barrier. Hence, as I find is usual, they are higher than those in the central parts 



