IN MASSACHUSETTS AND VERMONT. 141 



top and west edge of the mountain have nearly the same direction, I have never 

 seen any such as far below the summit of a steep hill as 600 feet on its lee side in 

 any other place, and as I find other proofs of a glacier descending Deerfield river 

 from this point, I have connected these strige on the east face of the mountain with 

 such a glacier. 



As the Tunnel, whether ever completed or not, will always be a spot easily 

 found, I make it a starting point in my description of glacier action. A mile or 

 two north of the Tunnel, up Deerfield river, a projecting hill on the west side 

 shows fluviatile action from 100 to 200 feet high, above which line the rocks are 

 embossed, as they are all along the high hill on that side of the river. To do this, 

 the force must have come from the N. N. E. down the valley of Deerfield river, or 

 about at right angles to the direction of the drift striae on the top of Hoosac moun- 

 tain. Above this point I have never been able to force my way but once, and 

 then I was unable to examine the hills to much height for want of time and the 

 great difficulty of getting along. But below the Tunnel the river turns suddenly 

 towards the east, and the hill around which it curves, is distinctly embossed at its 

 top, and so indeed, more or less, are all the projecting points on each side of the 

 river below the Tunnel to Charlemont, and perhaps, also, I might say, to Shel- 

 burne falls. For several miles east of the Tunnel the river is quite crooked and 

 the adjoining hills very high and precipitous, so that a good opportunity is pre- 

 sented for observing the outlines of the projecting cliffs above the line where the 

 river has acted, which, in some places, I find as high as 100 or even 200 feet; but 

 in other places, the erosion seems to have been nothing since the striating and 

 embossing period. Thus, one mile below the village of Charlemont (West Charle- 

 mont, which I believe is called the centre), the north bank to the very water's 

 edge, and even beneath the stream, is finely striated : the striae pointing directly 

 down the stream, or a little south of east. According to my views, at such a spot 

 the river has not deepened its bed at all since the glacier period. But where the 

 current is rapid in Zoar and Florida, it is quite obvious that the bed has been 

 deepened a good deal, and we do not find glacier or drift action within 100 or even 

 200 feet of the stream perpendicularly. 



Cold river is a smaller branch of Deerfield river than that which comes in from 

 Vermont, as just described. It starts in the northwest part of Florida, on the top 

 and near the west side of Hoosac mountain, and runs diagonally, in a southeast 

 direction, nearly across the town, and near the eastern slope of the mountain it 

 turns more easterly, and empties into Deerfield river in the west part of Charle- 

 mont, some miles below the Tunnel. I followed this river through Florida, as 

 nearly as the roads would permit. On its west side, not far from the middle of 

 the town, I found striae running S. 22° B. Further down the stream, where it 

 turns more easterly, the striae point S. 45° E. Still further down, and where the 

 eastern slope of the mountain commences, the striae are directed still more to the 

 east, pointing in fact almost directly down Deerfield river, viz : S. 55° E. These 

 facts certainly sustain the presumption that a glacier once descended this valley. 

 They are shown, as well as may be, on the Map of Drift and Glacier Striae. 



In three places below the Tunnel, and within five miles of it, on Deerfield river, 



