39 

 cylindrical, and hair-like; flattened and ribbon-like; or 



straight and rigid. The tip of the flagellum can be 



pointed or flared. 



Female Genitalia 



Female genitalia (Fig. 18) varied little from species 

 to species. Structures had proportions which varied, but 

 species recognition based on female genitalia was not 

 possible with any degree of confidence. The sclerotized 

 spermatheca showed some variation in shape which could be 

 useful in studies of higher categories. 



The spermatheca consisted of two parts; the head and 

 tail. The head is the large bulbous, terminal structure, 

 which varies in shape from circular to kidney-shape. Many 

 species have spermathecae with a top-knot (bump on the 

 head), variable in size and occasionally in position. The 

 spermatheca tail is a sclerotized section of the duct 

 extending from the spermatheca' s head to the genitalia. 

 The shape and thickness of the tail is variable, but 

 similar in related species. 



Materials and Methods 

 Specimens 



Dry preserved specimens were borrowed from many 

 sources (institutions and individuals) during this 

 revision. Appendix B lists these sources with their coden 

 (mostly from Arnett et al . , 1993) used throughout this 

 study. 



