54 

 Antenna surpassing middle of pronotum, often reaching 



basal 0.25; antennomere I large, elongate; antennomere II 



circular, ball-like, length = 0.5 x antennomere I; 



antennomere III elongate, length equal to next 2 to 4 



segments combined; antennomeres IV to VIII length subequal 



to width, length rarely more than 1.5 x width; antennomeres 



IV to VII rounded at ends; antennomere VIII edged and angled 



apically; antennomeres IX to XI form a loose club; 



antennomeres IX to X 3 to 4 x wider and 1.5 to 2 x longer 



than antennomere VIII; antennomere IX semicircular to 



trapezoidal, rarely triangular (Fig. 6); antennomere X 



crescent-shaped to trapezoidal; antennomere XI transversely 



elongate-oval to circular; antennomeres X-XI often 



asymmetrical . 



Mandibles each with two finger-like teeth and a large 



prostheca bearing many inwardly pointing setae. Maxilla 



with lacinia bearing an apical tooth, often bifid (Fig. 



19b) ; terminal segment of palp triangular or securiform, 



width = 1 to 3 x length. Labial palpi vary from squared or 



circular to securiform, width = 1 to 2 x length (Fig. 7) . 



Mentum with a pore on each side in front of basal corner; 



mental plate triangular, rarely longer than wide; ridge 



surrounding plate often raised laterally giving mentum a 



three prong crown-shape, medial prong (medial ridge 



extension) variously shaped, protruding or not (Figs. 8, 



19a) . Postmandibular lobes present, broadly rounded, 



