191 

 eye spots (Fig. 23) . These characters are similar in 



Oocyanus flavitarsis (Lacordaire) (see Candeze 1861). They 



differ in the shape of the urogomphi: 0. flavitarsis 



urogomphi are set on a single pedicel-like base; I. 



quadripunctatus urogomphi lack the pedicel base and are set 



separately on abdominal segment IX. These represent the 



only larvae described for species of Ischyrus and Oocyanus . 



Much work needs to be done on larval morphology and biology 



of this family. 



Remarks . Ischyrus quadripunctatus is similar to 

 I. patruelis Lacordaire in the narrowed maxillary palp 

 terminal segment and the asymmetrical antennal club 

 segments. They can be separated by the pronotal color 

 pattern: I. quadripunctatus has 4 free spots in an arch; I. 

 patruelis has 2 anterior, 2 basal, and 2 free pronotal spots 

 forming a circle. 



Ischyrus quadripunctatus is most similar to I. 

 tetrasticus Gorham in color pattern, but the latter species 

 has a red head with a basal black spot, and widened 

 maxillary palp terminal segment (similar to Fig. 7e) . 



References . See under subspecies accounts. 



Ischyrus quadripunctatus quadripunctatus (Olivier) 



Diagnosis . Distinguished from I .quadripunctatus 

 chiasticus by the apical elytral spot, pronotal basal spots 

 present or absent, elytral scutellar spot rounded, or if X- 

 shaped then with distinct pronotal basal spots, and in 

 geographic range; eastern U.S.A. and Mexico (east of the 



