21^ 

 were different among the three power sources but returns to labor were 

 higher using handtractor compared to either animal power or hand labor 

 (9)' He suggested that the use of a machine in intensive cropping 

 patterns can provide better labor efficiency but may not be economically 

 profitable. 



In a study of economic performance of rice-based cropping pat- 

 terns, labor requirement was slightly higher in a rice-rice pattern 

 than in rice-upland crops patterns (86) . Cash requirements were hi^er 

 with rice-upland crops because of high costs of upland crop seeds and 

 insecticides (86) . The upland crops included vegetables such as mung- 

 bean, cowpea, and muskraelon. The rice-raungbean pattern produced the 

 highest net return because mungbean received a high market price (86). 



Increasing intensity of cropping patterns increased gross ar-d 

 net returns to labor in fo\ir cropping patterns evaluated in Hissar 

 District, India (35> 138). Singh et al. (1-^9) reported that the more 

 intensive pattern involving corn-potato- tomato and mungbean was more 

 profitable than cotton-wheat or pearl millet ( Pennisetum giaucum L.)- 

 whe at -mungbean. Darlymple (35) also reported that net returns per 

 hectare and net returns per hour of labor increased with increasing 

 cropping index. A more complex intensive cropping pattern involving 

 sequential and relay intercropping of pole bean, corn, cabbage, cucumber, 

 bean, smd radish resulted in high net returns in El Salvador (78). 



Although some studies involving economic evaJLuation of cropping 

 patterns were conducted in experiment stations using small plots, 



results have shown high level of accuracy because of high degree of 

 control. Therefore, these studies should compliment or support those 

 evaluated under actual faxm conditions. 



