vi CONTENTS. 



Page 



Tinnevellj. Oatcrops at Kolarpatti, Waddakarai bills, east of the Vaippar. 

 Shenkotai limestone. EoTilpatti granular quartz rock band. Ottapiddaram 

 beds ; Valanad beds ; Palamcotta beds. Mineral character of the granular 

 quartz rock. Intercalation with granite gneiss. Cape Comorin type of 

 gneiss. Outcrops in South Tinnevelly. Mahendragiri synclinal ellipse. 

 Outcrops in South Tinnevelly. Remarkable absence of trappean rocks. 

 Rarity of granite and quartz veins. ....... 10 



CHAPTER lY. 



UPPEE GONDWANA OS JUEiSSIC BOCKS. 



Ammersenpatti outcrops. Sivaganga outcrops. Boulder beds ... 33 



CHAPTER V. 



THE GEITTY SANDSTONES (CITDDALOEE SEEIES). 



Sections in Madura district: at ShenKarai, Ayangudi, south of the Vella; at 

 Sivaganga, south-west and south of Sivaganga ; at Manambaucum ; at 

 Mana-Madura. Age of the grits : Sections in Tinnevelly district ; at 

 Petlakulam ; in the Nambi-ar ; in the Yellava Odai ; at Pakaneri, Idindan 

 Karai; Kudungkulam, &c. Grits of doubtful age : Neddenkulam section ; 

 no traces of lignite. Gravel talus of Vallanad hill. Traces of pale gravel 

 south of the Tambraparni at Mananjapatti. Lateritic conglomerate patches 

 near Radapuram. Marine or fresh-water origin of the laterite still un- 

 settled. Resemblance between the pale gravels and the Con jeveram gravels. 35 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE LATEEITIC FOEMATIONS. 



Similarity to lateritic formations elsewhere. Separation from the Cuddalore 

 sandstone impossible on the map. Change in mineral character from 

 highly ferruginous to non-ferruginous as the formation is followed south- 

 ward. Sub-division of the band of lateritic rocks by intervening alluvial 

 valleys into nine tracts : Arrantangi, Shenkarai, Shakotai, Tripatur, Chattra 

 Sino'arakotai, Serruvayal, Sivaganga, Mudakankulam, and Parnalli tracts. 

 Sicns of old iron industry at Aj^angudi. Varieties of laterite at Kilauelli- 

 kotai, Shuragudi, Karagudi, Amaravati, Avadlar Kovil, Tripatur, Chattra 

 Singarakotai, Serruvayal, Sivaganga, Kalayar Kovil, Mangalam, Mana-Ma- 

 dura road (5th milestone), Mana-Madura. Outliers on the gneiss. Lateritic 

 shingle west of Melur, and north of Madura. Implements, Madukankulam 

 tract ; prevalence of gravels and sands. Former westerly extension of gravelly 

 beds. Nature of the gravels. Concretionary and accretionary ferruginous 

 pellets. Cinnamon-coloured gravels at Abiramam and in the Parnalli tract. 

 Outlying gravel beds at MantapasaM. Pale gravels at Parnalli, to the 

 north of Vulatlkulaui, at Timmarajapuram, find south of Vagaikulam. . 44 



